tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26317172406579665542024-02-20T20:47:12.036-08:00South African Stories and ArtAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.comBlogger32125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-7983181803740138572016-02-02T00:00:00.000-08:002016-02-02T00:00:11.802-08:00DURBAN CALEDONIANS BURNS LUNCH
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">DURBAN
CALEDONIANS BURNS LUNCH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">24
JANUARY 2016<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This document records the lunch organised in the Hunt
Road Masonic Lodge by the Durban Caledonians on 24 January 2016, to honour the
birthday of Scottish poet and intellectual Robbie Burns. It serves to show a
South African interpretation of the ceremony, which is of course mounted each
January in a great many countries across the world. This and other functions
have been greatly enriched by participation of the Durban NMR Band.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The NMR band in action (Natal Mounted Rifles)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Burns was born in Ayreshire on 25 January 1759 and died
at the age of thirty-seven in 1796. The <u>Address to a haggis</u>, a paean to
the traditional Scottish dish that is central to the commemoration ceremony,
was written in 1786 when he was just twenty-seven years of age.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The haggis lying in splendour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our ceremony began at 2 p.m., with the piping in by Pipe
Major Gordon Capper of the ‘top table’, whose members processed in under the
leadership of Chief Margaret Gardner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chief Margaret Gardner
welcoming guests<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Following the seating of the seventy members in
attendance, Margaret introduced the top table and the Master of Ceremonies
outlined the programme. The haggis was brought into the hall on a silver
trencher to the skirling of a lone piper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Entry of the haggis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was held aloft and borne around the inner stage and
thereby put on clear display to the assembly, before being set down on a small
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Piping in the haggis on its trencher<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The wages of the piper and trencher-bearer were paid with
a shot of fine Scotch whisky and a toast of slanja var! (Slainte Mhath, or Good
health!)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A brief explanation of the <u>Address</u> was given for
the benefit of newcomers and the Address was then delivered unabridged with
some animation, flourish and humour to reinforce its meanings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The haggis was piped out to be served for
lunch.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Following delivery of the Selkirk Grace, lunch was served.
Consistent with Scottish tradition, it included haggis, tatties and oatmeal
cakes, with ‘neeps and butternut to provide further variety.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Past Chief Alistair Mackenzie delivers the ‘Toast to the
Immortal Memory’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Glasses were charged and a toast was proposed ‘to the Immortal
Memory’. Dessert followed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Entertainment was provided by a musical group called
‘Friends of note’. The artists were mainly youngsters performing with guitar,
violin, cello and recorders of widely differing sizes. As is usual with these
functions, their performance was warmly received.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The violinist in animated action.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Poetry readings followed, and the assembled pipers played
a range of traditional Scottish medleys.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The ‘Toast to the lassies’ followed in complimentary
vein, with a spirited reply. A Vote of Thanks followed, with final notices
delivered by the chief.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The pipers and drummers then led the assembly through
Auld Lang Syne.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Members enjoying themselves at the gathering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Durban Caledonians have functioned since 1882 (for 134
years). Each year the Association offers five or six ceremonial/social functions.
These are open to the public by booking. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Membership is open to people of Scottish descent (mother
or father Scottish). Details of activities and membership can be obtained from
past Chief Molly Gould (phone 031 7014148). Applicants can be assured of a
friendly welcome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alex Coutts<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-74759210469874392062015-10-04T22:45:00.001-07:002015-10-04T22:45:06.224-07:00The South African School System Needs Rebuilding.
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The South African School System Needs Rebuilding</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Letter to the Editor, The Mercury, 5 October 2015</span></div>
<br />
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Mercury and other newspapers have carried many
insightful articles recently on the triumphs and travails of our national
education system, including those dealing with the ANA debacle as well as much-publicised
provision of various information technology devices to certain schools. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">At the heart of any national system of education are located
a corps of dedicated teachers drawn for all races and ideological outlooks who
are wholeheartedly committed to the performance of their professional duties,
namely teaching the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘learners’ under
their care, within and outside the classroom. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">These brilliant, committed people are indispensable to the
quality of teaching and learning that distinguish the system. They are a
foundation to build on. They can serve as live models to those teachers who
have not the skills, insights, or commitment to engage as fully as they should
with the educational endeavour.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Our system of state schooling needs to be rebuilt from the
ground up. The following are a few suggestions on how to go about the process.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Recognise that teachers are at the core of the system.
Their critical work in providing role models cannot be supplanted by
technology, although it can be amplified, and the overload of administrative
duties that sucks the lifeblood from the classroom interactions can be reduced
and the process made more efficient.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Every teacher union should examine its constitution
to establish the extent to which the welfare of the children, and not only its
members, is served thereby. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">The South African Council of Educators guiding document
should be re-written to incorporate criteria related to the processes of
educating children rather than imposing constraints interpersonal relationships,
important though these requirements are. One needs a reaffirmation of such
qualities as punctuality, a work ethic, wide teaching skills, subject
knowledge, vision, imagination and critical thinking, fiduciary responsibility,
sound administration and much more.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">4.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Hold teachers accountable for their performance,
by the re-introduction of inspectors if necessary, by setting targets related
to the mastery of subject knowledge, teaching skills and administrative
procedures. Allow a period of grace during which professional criteria will be
designed, published and implemented, but don’t let it drag on. Many children
have suffered too severely already, and need their place in the sunshine. Focus
resources on those most in need. The process will require courage.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Now retired, I spent forty years in
education. What a special privilege it was! Why do so few now seem to share the
excitement?</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Dr Alex Coutts</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Retired Deputy Rector, Edgewood College of
Education.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-1549139877474136772015-09-18T04:49:00.002-07:002015-09-18T04:49:52.913-07:00Educate your child through sport
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Educate your child through sport<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-dik2VLX5lbsa_UtL8MNyAb3AhlRtWH4xem3OfOOLS0Es7HcEoZBX_0WH0jHw7wpu4kB7aNE2skrUPpiC9be_eskJOC0o7fwmb5vRkP2Y6GQkCyekVgkeVIHPVYYxPCXcxP4QqByH0m1/s1600/DSC02489.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-dik2VLX5lbsa_UtL8MNyAb3AhlRtWH4xem3OfOOLS0Es7HcEoZBX_0WH0jHw7wpu4kB7aNE2skrUPpiC9be_eskJOC0o7fwmb5vRkP2Y6GQkCyekVgkeVIHPVYYxPCXcxP4QqByH0m1/s320/DSC02489.JPG" width="213" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Do your children play sport?</span></u></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do
your children play sport? If so, are you as a parent aware of how educative the
experience can be for them, if only an adult would be present to identify
educative experiences as they arise, and point out a few educational truths the
child might focus on? If you’ve not thought about the educational values of
sports participation, would you like to know the basics?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">If
so, read on.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">SO, what’s the article
about?<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">This
article explains how an average parent who’s enjoyed taking part in sports can
become a role model and coach or teacher to educate his or her youngster(s)
through sporting and other physical activities. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Some
people spend years studying physical education because they aim to offer it in
formal schooling. Unfortunately, many others are cast into the task of coaching
sports with only some dabbling in the activity or else a bit of personal
experience to back them up. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Also,
parents crowd the sidelines of sporting activities without knowing much about
the educative opportunities their kids are experiencing. Yet these experiences
can be enhanced by encouragement and interpretations provided by dad or mom. Even
if given from the sidelines, it can have a sound impact on their learning. This
article has been written for parents who have insight into sport, but who might
not wish to engage with active coaching. Why not encourage your youngsters to
take part in sports activities that afford enjoyment as well as valuable, wider
educative experiences? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Of
course, the better one knows a sport, especially by playing it, the easier it
is to spot ‘educative moments’ that might benefit your child.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; tab-stops: 114.75pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The example
of our forebears<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For
millions of years, humankind led a more active lifestyle than we do today. In a
sense, their hunting and collecting bands gave a central place to physical
education, or more correctly, physical training. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When
‘ancient’ mom went out to gather roots and berries for food the girls and
younger boys of a clan would accompany her on the forays. They would learn many
things that were useful to their survival in an often harsh environment. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘Ancient’
dad would set out with the older boys and male relatives to fish, or scavenge
from carcases, secure some sort of local small game, or join forces in stalking
and attacking a large beast. During these excursions the children learned about
planning, tactics, skills, co-operation, courage and their own physical
capacities and limitations. It was a fundamental source of knowledge. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">These
enterprises all took considerable energy to perform. They involved much ambling
and tracking, and perhaps a few short bursts of speed or a lengthy pursuit over
broken terrain. Muscles would be used for power and speed, and the
cardio-vascular system would come into operation with a vengeance as the
hunters engaged with their quarry, or indeed ran from it. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">More
recently during recorded history, traders, workmen, labourers, and the military
all used their physical resources more than we generally do today. Physical
prowess counted for much.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We’re a lazy lot<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In
modern times, especially in more developed countries, sport has largely
replaced the other physical earlier demands, but in recent years it has been
professionalised to the extent that it is a spectacle to be followed on
television more than something to be engaged with. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
advent of technology has exacerbated the problems of sedentary behaviour. We
live in an increasingly virtual world. The real world of concrete reality including
physical threats, climate and physics has been allowed to slide into the
recesses of consciousness, whereas in former times it intruded so strongly that
its dominant presence occupied our brain with a vengeance. We simply had to
take it into account in a most fundamental way. And indeed, because of the
planning we had to embark on to survive within it, it helped to form the
impressive frontal lobe humanity now possesses. But we have become increasingly
protected from physical challenges and therefore even complacent.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Virtual reality doesn’t help<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
intrusion of virtual reality into the ‘real world’ now threatens to confuse that
which is real (ontic reality) and that which is illusory (virtual reality), to
the extent that they become indistinguishable, a fact promoted by
commercialisation and its marketing. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For
many middle-class people our televisions, cell-phones and ipads are the here
and now, while receding glaciers, increasing flab, poverty, crime and the
demise of wild creatures are remote things to pay lip-service to as we get on
with our immediate, comfortable sedentary preoccupations. Many in the First
World are losing contact with demanding physical reality.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Losing respect for our
bodies<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">This
also means losing respect for our physical bodies. We have tended to hand them
over to the care of medical science rather than to accept them as something
needing personal maintenance as intrinsically ‘US’. So, many people make no
effort whatsoever to keep themselves in good health, nor do they value the old
capacities related to powerful, extensive, repetitive or skilled movement.
These are often no longer seen as necessary. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">These
trends are a few of the reasons motivating perceptive, modern educationists to propagate
a renewed focus on physical education in the formal schooling or tertiary
context, or pursued informally through enhanced lifestyles. With a bit of
understanding, you can participate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Below
I’ll outline some of the outcomes one seeks from a physical education
programme. The objectives that follow seek to cultivate a sound mind in a
healthy body. A return to these outcomes is needed desperately in my country South
Africa, whose population is becoming increasingly flabby and physically
unskilled.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Physical development<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Health<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Let’s
start with a focus on the <u>health</u> of the body. Whether you deal with
schooling curricula or an adult’s home lifestyle, you’ll first need to look at
the efficient physiological function of the bodily systems if you want to
enhance physical well-being. This means taking a ‘medical’ viewpoint that
ensures freedom from disease and decrepitude, rather than a ‘functional’
viewpoint by means of which ‘physical work’ becomes the focus. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Good
health can be achieved by engaging regularly and systematically with physical activities
that will exercise the cardio-vascular system and musculature to get them
working optimally, but also seeing to such things as bodily hygiene, dental
hygiene, posture and diet. Your fifty trillion cells need to work reasonably in
harmony; for that implies good health. Sport, especially such as require
vigorous, total-body activity and the ingestion of oxygen, can help here.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Physical fitness<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Physical
fitness</span></u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
implies the ‘functional’ ability of the body to produce ‘work’. It’s the sort
of capacities a pentathlon participant or military marine works towards. It is
built on a foundation of sound health, as discussed briefly above. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It
implies engagement with systematised exercises directed to the achievement of
greater strength, power, muscular endurance, cardiovascular stamina and
suppleness. The body becomes more capable of running at a reasonable speed,
lifting or carrying weights, throwing projectiles, running reasonably long
distances and so on.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Physical skills<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Next
in the physical domain are <u>skills.</u> Traditionally in Western societies,
these tend to relate to gross motor exercises, educational and competitive
gymnastics, individual and team sports and outdoor pastimes that require
co-ordinated, accurate or precise movements capable of repetition at a good
standard of accuracy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">With
small children we offer generalised movements unrelated specifically to sports
or other traditional contexts. These can include jumping, climbing, walking,
running, twisting, turning, landing, taking off, throwing, catching, hitting,
pitching slinging, kicking and so on. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
intention there is to get the psycho-motor apparatus of muscles, bones, nerves
and so on working smoothly to lay a foundation of varied movements on which
refined skills can be built. Increasingly, they will be used in defined
contexts such as athletics, dance, cricket, rock-climbing, diving or gymnastics.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">All
of these basic movements and more refined, specific skills depend on a smooth
integration of muscle activity with brain functioning, using the ability of
that organ to motivate, initiate, provide motor control, and adapt to varying
circumstances. These skills usually help the individual to achieve a complex
outcome dependent on a smooth sequence of movement.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cognition, or thinking<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Now
we move from the physical domain to the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">cognitive,
or ‘thinking’ domain</b>. We might first look at the acquisition of knowledge
achieved through participation in physical activities. The range of knowledge
to be obtained by this means is quite remarkable. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Information<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">There
can be acquisition of <u>information</u> about the texture, weight, durability,
softness or hardness of materials, the attitude of people, acceptable and
unacceptable behaviour, aesthetic qualities that are to be admired or wondered
at, societal norms, rules of games and other pursuits, good sportsmanship,
management of stress, injury and competition, the behaviour of weather, the
climate, environment and wild creatures in nature, even history if one wishes
to include it, and much more.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Problem-solving</span></u></b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Another
cognitive capacity one can hone and enhance is <u>problem-solving</u>. Physical
activities are replete with opportunities to generate problems one might solve
by problem-solving. Team game tactics are essentially problem-solving
activities, so are the composition of a dance, the scaling of a sheer rock wall
and the negotiation of rapids in a canoe. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Creativity<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Creative
thinking</span></u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
can be enhanced and exercised during participation in dance, diving or gymnastics
as one works out programmes and routines. One can also cite innovative
approaches used in many outdoor activities such as rock climbing, or tactics used
in such team games as soccer, rugby, hockey, and many others.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">The social domain</span></u></b><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
social domain is also amenable to development in physical education. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Teamwork<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Teamwork
and followership can be experienced, with participation in such things as
rock-climbing, hiking and team games offering myriads of learning experiences
leading to people becoming capable of working effectively in a group under
leaderships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Socialised
activities can enhance the learning of <u>ethical behaviour</u>. Many
activities provide contexts for the exercise of actions showing fair play and
empathy, revealing ethics and morality. Juvenile crime can be countered
thereby. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Leadership
opportunities are numerous, giving individuals the opportunity to lead teams or
groups, thus gaining experience in implementing a variety of styles before
settling on a suitable approach to leadership. Most people will reject either
blatantly autocratic or laissez-faire approaches, choosing a style that is best
suited to the task, perhaps with an element of democracy in it. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Emotional responses</span></u></b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
emotional responses of people can also be honed. You can learn to <u>control </u>emotional
responses when in tight situations, and to <u>express</u> emotions in ways
acceptable to society. Finally, you can also learn to appreciate the emotional
components of <u>aesthetic movements</u> found in such activities as dance,
diving, gymnastics, and even team sports such as cricket and dare I say it,
rugby, football or American football.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">All
of the above implies the adult being alert to opportunities that present
themselves for children to identify emotional contexts, focus on them, receive
guidance and learn to eventually self-educate themselves in the management of
emotional responses. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Outdoor activities<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Most
outdoor activities such as hiking, canoeing, surfing, underwater swimming, rock
climbing provide marvellous opportunities for educating youngsters. All of them
also demand extra safety precautions and care.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Now
list the outcomes as:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Physical<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Health<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Fitness<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Skills<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Cognitive<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Problem-solving<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Creativity<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Social<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Followership<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ethics/morality<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Emotional<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Control<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Catharsis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Aesthetics<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">What can you do as a parent
or educator?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Write
down and reflect on the dozen outcomes. Then reflect on how you can use
physical activity to enhance these qualities or capacities in the lives of your
own youngsters or those you teach. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You
need not teach the activities yourself; indeed for safety reasons that is best
left to qualified and accredited teachers and coaches. But you can always watch
from the sidelines, and use incidents and events that you spot in order to
educate your child.. It’ll of course take a bit of initial effort. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You
can have the ammunition available to become a role model. You can use sport as
a medium of education. Do, however, study safety rules and first aid if you
become personally and actively engaged. Also, get a first aid qualification if
you work with young sports participants!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-60531848774252412322015-07-14T23:17:00.004-07:002015-07-14T23:18:08.297-07:00How to clarify a problem<br />
<h1 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;">How to clarify a problem</span></span></h1>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPuXkH3wcwB6ViCVJStbiicjPOGx9N7ygAY3W6eq8r3fOAEmXgfqmLbL3r1LKJB3f6fHmeb1LHoUSETYcWIyNbilKHusECE6ilX4nEJcbzMrdOSDtV9NiQ2wGBoCBNX9VNu3eBdbxJV9G3/s1600/New-6+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPuXkH3wcwB6ViCVJStbiicjPOGx9N7ygAY3W6eq8r3fOAEmXgfqmLbL3r1LKJB3f6fHmeb1LHoUSETYcWIyNbilKHusECE6ilX4nEJcbzMrdOSDtV9NiQ2wGBoCBNX9VNu3eBdbxJV9G3/s320/New-6+%25283%2529.jpg" width="210" /></a><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you sometimes
tried to tackle a complex problem without being clear about what you’re doing? Unless
you’re clear, you might even waste time on trying to fix the <u>wrong </u>problem,
or you might tackle some apparent issue that is not a problem at all. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
you’re embarking on some massive project such as a doctoral thesis, it’s
essential that you spend time at the start, making sure you know exactly what
you’re trying to resolve. You’ll usually be required to make a ‘Statement of
the problem’.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This initial clarification is one of the
most critical steps in problem solving. It implies seeking to <u>make the problem
clear at the outset</u> so that you know exactly what has to be resolved. You can
then plan confidently how to resolve it. You won’t get far if you miss this
important first stage.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The individual problem-solver will routinely
seek to locate any gaps, disjunctions, incongruities, confusions, inconsistencies
and irregularities in data that shows the nature of the problem. The early identification
of a problem enables the thinker to assemble resources necessary to the further
systematic elaboration of thinking. So, an ability to identify and define problems
provides a focus for selecting and structuring the mental operations and processes
that follow.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gain an understanding of the context
and issues surrounding the problem.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Get to the core issues and seek data relevant to them.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Locate any gaps, disjunctions, incongruities, confusions, inconsistencies
and irregularities in data that show the nature of the problem.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">4.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Perhaps start with obvious incongruities when seeking information, but
also seek obscure hints and clues where these present themselves as relevant.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">5.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Describe the problem accurately, clearly and briefly. Determine the purpose
and objectives that will help to guide the coming problem solving process.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">6.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Clarify whether you should transform the objectives into criteria (questions)
with which to evaluate any outcomes from the problem solving that is likely to follow.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="NumberedList" style="margin: 6pt 0cm 6pt 22.7pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Once you have <u>stated the correct problem clearly</u>, get on with
solving it. This means devising tentative solutions (hypotheses) you might try
out, test or put into operation to see if they work. But don’t put this phase
into operation until you know precisely what the problem is.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Perhaps practice by
clarifying a typical problem relating to your health, clothing, home, personal security,
family, social life, achievements, aspirations, occupation, vocation or profession.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-85211372152368627342015-06-25T23:07:00.002-07:002015-06-25T23:07:52.292-07:00Elephants! An excerpt from The big five, a children’s novel
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Elephants!<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">An excerpt from <u>The big five</u>, a children’s novel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</o:p><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCLiklEE7bfpFsXAr9fsSy0pb7m95UzDdHIzkNRO28kFfRkkC7Y5NtO3L_3lwWV5xr4bAstiK5coqJ-vqhBnEPgBhXNV38IUX5ZXdNUuZb6W2onbCJj48fr4bZl2_gu2awt6pZIpINIBfT/s1600/21+Elephant+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCLiklEE7bfpFsXAr9fsSy0pb7m95UzDdHIzkNRO28kFfRkkC7Y5NtO3L_3lwWV5xr4bAstiK5coqJ-vqhBnEPgBhXNV38IUX5ZXdNUuZb6W2onbCJj48fr4bZl2_gu2awt6pZIpINIBfT/s1600/21+Elephant+%25283%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After an hour of trudging in silence, they saw a distant
line of trees and sighed with relief. They would find water. The landscape had
become a furnace as mid-day approached and they had sweated from their
exertion, but soon a breeze sprang up quite suddenly to dissipate the heat. It
helped to cool them as it dried the sweat on their arms.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">They
tramped on and at last came to a broad tributary, which had burst its banks
during the night and was now almost dry. On the opposite side of the river,
downstream, was an extensive bed of very tall reeds. The bed was four or five
times the size of a football field. The river had torn reeds growing close to
the edges from the sand, and swept them downstream to form jumbled and matted
piles as high as their heads. Half-drowned brambles growing on the near side of
the river hid some of the reed bed from the sight of the children.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">They
dipped their cupped hands into the water and drank.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Ugh!”
said Claire. “It’s still full of sand.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Making
wry faces, each of the children drank only as much as was necessary, while
others kept alert to the presence of wild beasts.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“We’ll
have to cross somewhere,” said Daniel. “It looks like better going on the other
side. Follow me.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Following
Daniel’s lead, the group climbed the bank and walked a little way downstream to
come out opposite the reed beds, which were swaying and rustling in the breeze.
They clambered onto a ledge of rock and slid down a steep bank of earth to drop
into the water below. To their relief it only came to their knees. During the
worst of the storm, it seemed to have been at head height.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“The
main river should’ve gone down a lot by now. I mean, look how this stream has
gone down,” said Daniel.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“No,
I don’t think so. The main river will take a lot longer to go down,” Siyabonga
contradicted him, shaking his head. “It was raining hard up river even before
we crossed from the camp. We should have known it would flood. There could be
even more to come. It might take days, and the river might even flood again.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Yes,
if only smarty here hadn’t been so stupid,” replied Daniel, dismissing John
with a sneer and wave of the hand.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">John
was pale with fury. I should have expected that, he thought. Of course, I
should have thought about the river before we left camp. I didn’t, so I suppose
the big oaf’s right. Then, he was the one who … oh, what’s the use! Now he
wants to be leader.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
children were sheltered from the wind but, across the broad expanse of shallow
water, gusts had begun to sweep the tall reeds. There was a constant rustle and
chafing as the stems brushed back and forth in the wind. The children entered
the bed. They moved cautiously. There was now also the muffled sound of large
bodies moving amidst the stems; but the sound was too indistinct to determine
what was causing it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“There’s
something moving in there,” said John, his brow furrowed with concentration as
he looked to left and right, “but I don’t know what it is.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“It
can only be buffalo or elephants,” said Siyabonga, his hands cupped over his
ears.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“We’d
better try and stop Daniel until we’re certain,” warned John. “I think we
should get away from here. Go back.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Before
anyone could stop him, Daniel splashed across a shallow furrow and penetrated
further into the swaying reeds to move onto a sodden game path rich with the
spoor of antelope that had used it after the flood subsided.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Daniel!
Wait!” shouted John and Siyabonga almost as one, but their voices were lost in
the stiff breeze.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Daniel
ignored them. Whistling now, he followed the path. He was beginning to enjoy
himself; relishing the role of leader. The two shouted again. Again, Daniel
ignored them. Lashing out with his stick at the swaying reed stems on either
side, he thrust his way forward.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Then,
the reed bed exploded.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A
huge grey bulk rose suddenly above them, crunching reeds underfoot as it tried
to make out the position of the intruders amongst the long stems. Ears as big
as car doors swung back and forward, as their owners tried to focus their
hearing. Elephants! Now there came a shrill blast of sound! Trunks lifted in
the air as the herd tested the breeze for the scent of the children. There was
a mighty smashing and trampling of the reed bed as the great animals shifted
position, uncertain of the direction from which they were threatened.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tandi
screamed and rushed deeper into the reed beds, lost amongst the stems as a huge
cow swung on her from the flank. John grabbed Claire and pulled her towards the
river. They burst out of the reeds pursued by a three-quarter grown bull and
splashed their way through the water towards the bank they had just come down.
John heaved Claire up the bank, pushing her towards the rock ledge, and
shouting: “Climb! Climb!”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He
turned to face the pursuing beast, only to find that it had turned from its
pursuit to go after Siyabonga, who was some way up-river and making for a large
boulder. Siyabonga gained the shelter of the rock and dodged behind it. He
crouched there in waist-deep water, his chest drawing in great gulps of air.
The elephant gave up its pursuit and returned, screaming shrilly, to the herd.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">John
splashed through the shallows to join Siyabonga and the two crouched side by
side, peering at the massive grey shapes wheeling and crashing through the
reeds.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">At
that moment, Daniel emerged from the reed bed further down-river and darted
across a sand-spit to plunge into the water and flounder his way to the near
bank. He clawed his way onto the rock ledge and scrambled up its face to dive
past Claire, who was jumping up and down on the bank shouting: “Where’s Tandi? Where’s
Tandi?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Siyabonga
stood up, peering towards the reeds. “John, I thought Tandi had got back,” he
yelled.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“No,
only Claire got up the bank.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Siyabonga
cried out as if in pain. He bent down and John could see him groping on the
bottom for some of the smooth stones that lay embedded there. “I’m going to get
Tandi,” said Siyabonga grimly, as he started to wade towards the reed bed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Don’t
be a fool,” yelled John, feeling himself rising as if in a trance, heart
pounding, to follow Siyabonga. “You can’t take on a herd of elephants!” He
groped for rocks and started to edge forward in Siyabonga’s wake.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Siyabonga
splashed to the middle of the stream, and with a long throw bounced a rock off
the hindquarters of one of the blundering animals. It swung around at the
irritation and moved towards the river’s edge, seeking the cause of its
discomfort, and then plunged back into the reeds. Again, Siyabonga threw a
stone. Again he connected. John found himself joining in the futile assault,
yelling as he went. The boys were now close to the reeds, shouting and
tormenting the big beasts to try to make them give way.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">At
that moment a large cow, leader of the herd, saw them and trumpeted. With her
trunk curled under her massive head and ears folded back, she charged, sending
scatters of spray across the shallows as she came.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
boys turned and ran. They churned through the shallow water with great bounds,
their pebbles discarded as they sped. John reached the boulder a moment before
Siyabonga, and dived behind it. Siyabonga followed with a great surge of water
as he tripped and fell headlong behind the rock. The boys crouched low,
clutching each other and frozen with fear, not daring to raise their heads.
Above them, the cow stood screaming, swaying, and shifting its weight, its
little eyes peering to catch a sign of movement near the rock.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Behind
them on the steep bank, Claire stood transformed as she dared the very edge,
waving a dry branch and shouting to attract the attention of the angry cow. It
was enough provocation to enrage the matriarch further, and the beast moved
from the rock to confront her. It tried to climb the bank, placing its massive
front pads on the yielding earth and attempting to heave itself up. All the
while, it squealed with rage.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Claire
stood her ground, screaming with excitement and terror and waving her small
branch in the air. In her panic, she teetered on the rim and nearly plunged
down the slope. Daniel crouched, several paces behind, close to the trunks of
two large trees. From their shelter, he also began to wave his stick, shouting.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
cow stood for some time in the water at the base of the bank, seeking their
scent with her trunk and peering up at the girl, frustrated at not being able
to mount the bank. Growing weary, and having lost sight of the boys in the
water, she wheeled and strode back to the reed bed, moved through the milling
herd and continued up the incline on the other side.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">One
after the other, the rest of the herd followed her. The children caught a
glimpse of them retreating through the rank vegetation that lined the river
bank. They made out two calves a metre tall amongst the big animals. Their
mothers were close by, rumbling reassurance to the two little ones despite the
fracas. Soon the herd was gone.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
reed bed looked devastated, with great swathes of reeds crushed underfoot as
the herd blundered through it. Here and there, islands of reeds stood intact,
their tips swaying in the breeze.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Siyabonga
stood up, shaking. He looked stunned. “Here comes Karel, and he looks done in.
He’s not hurt. Now where’s Tandi? Oh, Lord! Where’s Tandi?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Karel
joined the group. He had scrambled up the bank further down-river, he said, and
got onto high ground from where he could see the unfolding events. He could not
give any information about Tandi. No one could offer Siyabonga any words of
comfort. John had seen Tandi run to his left as a cow advanced on them and,
pursued by the animal, flee deeper into the reeds. The place to which she had
fled looked devastated. The four children edged across the river, dreading what
they might find.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">There,
lying in a mess of trampled reeds was a mud-spattered clump of red material.
John could make out a sleeve of his anorak that he had put around Tandi when
the first rain fell. He picked up the pathetic remnant. An elephant’s tusk had
torn it from the jacket and trampled it to mush. Where was Tandi’s body, he
wondered? The elephants would probably have crushed her. Claire started to sob
quietly. Siyabonga looked grim.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Then
they glimpsed it: a limp red object lying near the far bank, with broken reeds
partly covering it. “Oh no,” thought John, “I’ve heard of elephants killing a
person and then scattering grass on the body! Poor Tandi.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">With
a cry of distress, Siyabonga ran forward, and sank to his knees, tearing away
the scatter of reeds. He held the remains of a red anorak.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“It’s
not her,” he shouted triumphantly. “She might be alive.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">John
sank to his knees, not able to speak.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Then,
from beneath the half-buried trunk of a dead tree, they heard a plaintive
voice.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Siyabonga
… I’m scared. I want to go back … to camp.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Overjoyed,
Siyabonga ran to help his younger sister from her refuge, pulling her to her
feet and reassuring her. Claire ran up excitedly and hugged the little girl.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">All
around the gnarled trunk were the deeply embedded footprints of the herd, and
the mounds of dung they had dropped as they milled about in their confusion and
anger.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Breathing
hard and exhausted from their ordeal, the children sat down to recover. There
was a feeling of relief that no one had suffered injury. Claire wiped her
tear-grimed face and held Tandi’s hand as they rested, all talking at once.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Did
you see the big cow? Squealing and charging about … and the way she shielded
the calves?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“And
Claire … jumping up and down like a yoyo.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When
they had calmed, John and Siyabonga spoke to Claire.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You
weren’t bad, Claire … for a girl,” John said.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“For
a girl? What do you mean, ‘for a girl’?” responded Claire indignantly.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Just
joking,” said John laughing, his hands lifted in surrender. “You did a great
job.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“I
also helped,” said Daniel, pushing forward. “I was right there.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You?
You nearly got Tandi killed, that’s what you did!” said John.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“What
did you say?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“I
said: ‘You nearly got Tandi killed.’”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Daniel
got slowly to his feet, his eyes sparkling with anger. His face flushed, he
strode over to where John sat and towered over him, his big fists clenched and
the veins swelling in his neck.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You’ll
have to deal with me too,” said Siyabonga with quiet anger, his heart pounding
in his throat as he moved to stand beside John.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Daniel
stood there huge and menacing, a little muscle twitching near the corner of his
right eye. He glared down at John. John stood up, his hands involuntarily
coming up beneath his chin to take guard.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“No
man, Daniel,” came the voice of Karel. “Just let it be. Admit it. You were
stupid. We were all stupid. We need weapons.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Daniel
swung sharply on his heel and stalked off to throw himself down under a tree,
cursing, brooding, and sulky.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Ja
Karel, a great friend you are.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Karel
just shrugged, and the tension passed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">While
Claire and Tandi told each other about their experiences and Daniel sat in
angry silence, John spoke to Siyabonga. Both boys felt the surge of a new
confidence.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You
were pretty good out there,” said John.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“But
you helped me,” said Siyabonga. “You were also right there … when it mattered.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Maybe,
but that was all in a rush. You went back. You tried to take on the herd. You
must be bonkers! You must’ve known you could’ve got killed.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Forget
it,” said Siyabonga. “She’s my sister. Anyhow, you came with me. And, what
about Claire! She’s got ‘guts’, as you would say.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
two stood silent for a time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“She
has,” said John. “She sure has. Exactly as I would say.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-91286801100963206832015-06-14T23:44:00.002-07:002015-06-14T23:46:37.954-07:0013 June 2015 International Albinism Awareness Day<br />
<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">13 JUNE 2015 INTERNATIONAL ALBINISM
AWARENESS DAY<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I feel sick at reading of the atrocities committed against
persons with an absence of melanin (known as oculocutaneous albinism), in
Tanzania and more than twenty other African countries. Harassment also occasionally
occurs in China and India, although to a far lesser extent. All this is endured,
on account of a slip in genetic makeup that is beyond any sufferer’s ability to
counter.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Born in South Africa, I am white; but by definition of birth
I am an African. As such, I utterly condemn the satanic brutality sometimes meted
out to people already struggling with weakened eyesight and susceptible to skin
cancer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Often highly intelligent, normal
and complete in every other way, they are deserving of respect by all. It is
incumbent on every government to support them, and to ensure protection within
law.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Within South Africa, millions live with the concept of
‘ubuntu’ ever before them. This implies honouring the dignity and humanity of
other human beings, with a view to letting the concept guide behaviour and
attitudes. </span></div>
<br />
<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
My wish for people with albinism is that genetic scientists
will find a solution to their affliction, and soon. And may they bask in ubuntu
and respect, rather than be the objects of disdain.</h2>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-86315070327112102132015-05-26T00:03:00.001-07:002015-05-26T00:03:46.901-07:00Memories of the Edgewood Campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Memories of the
Edgewood Campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The book mentioned above is in the library of the University
of KwaZulu-Natal. It describes the transition from a whites-only institution to
one fully non-racial. It is written from the points of view of persons working
at a transforming college of education that was absorbed into a South African university
as apartheid was dismantled. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGtaeXU1KmAh_DUwlp-OEOa8wBbUIcsr_9AEjhWE9qzpvakIRZW_2LR34sLab_N_mCfhGe2CfOMsFVKva4GVLRS2GQtgDKHwTetSBK26-sE_42gIKwsU5e5s8sSKjAUnrAWH85ejni4xk-/s1600/DSC01858.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGtaeXU1KmAh_DUwlp-OEOa8wBbUIcsr_9AEjhWE9qzpvakIRZW_2LR34sLab_N_mCfhGe2CfOMsFVKva4GVLRS2GQtgDKHwTetSBK26-sE_42gIKwsU5e5s8sSKjAUnrAWH85ejni4xk-/s320/DSC01858.JPG" width="221" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">In a sense it is a story repeated in many other South
African institutions striving to achieve a non-racial future for the country. Some
staff embraced the idea of transition, many did not. The book will be of use to
anyone, anywhere in the world, engaged with the transformation of an
institution with a racially-defined ethos to a fully integrated, non-racial,
multicultural entity.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The present post appeared largely unchanged as the chapter<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>Recollections
of Edgewood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alex Coutts 1970-1993.</u> <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Please bear with me as I romp through the description of a
mis-spent youth, which might come across as a poor start for a teaching-college
educator. I thoroughly disliked my early schooling because the experience often
scared the wits out of me. Especially when quite small, I found most teachers
to be threatening creatures. My father died when I was seven, and with my
mother working through long days as a bank clerk, I had little parental
guidance in matters educational. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Later at the Northlands Boys High School (now Northwood) in
Durban, I settled down a bit, but at that stage of life still couldn’t see the
point of education. I accordingly spent many happy hours body surfing amidst
the occasional shark in ominously discoloured waters off the Durban North
beaches, when my time could have been spent better by my studying for exams. It
was not a good start for someone who later entered teacher education as a
profession.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Having done a few modest sporting performances at school, I
entered the Durban Teachers’ Training College (Dokkies) where I enjoyed
Physical Education and did well in it. I later passed the specialist course in
Physical Education with distinction at the Paarl Teachers’ Training College,
and went on to teach the subject at Grosvenor Boys High School.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">During a break in career prior to joining the Edgewood College
community, I decided to get away from South African’s narrow social and
political confines to see the wider world. I wanted to gain experience in
self-dependence; to see if I could manage on my own. It’s of course something
many young people do. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">There followed a venture in deep-sea yachting which
terminated when I left the vessel at Ascension Island in the mid-Atlantic. This
followed an incident with the McCormac Cape, a freighter whose captain was
docking her late at night in the presence of our small, intrusive yacht that
had somehow wandered into the freighter anchorage. After this incident was
settled, the yacht sailed on. I stayed put.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">While on the island I worked for Gunn Plumbing of Miami for
several months as a labourer. One of the more memorable incidents was a strike
that turned nasty and culminated in injuries to two African-American workers
and the pay-off of union members by a boss with a loaded revolver on his desk.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">A period of teaching in Inner London schools followed. I
then embarked on a six -week hitch-hike across North Africa sipping tea or coffee
with the Bedouin and sleeping in the bitterly cold winter desert. My stores of
experience were growing.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I also endured a harrowing week at Aberfan, assisting the
mortician during the coal-mining disaster of November 1967. We worked in the small
Barthol Chapel building which had been turned into a mortuary. Our team met the
Queen and Prince Philip. More indelibly memorable yet, I was present when
parents entered the small chapel to identify the clothing, possessions or
bodies of their children. Many hurled oaths at the Coal Board and broke down in
tears. At the age of twenty-four I was not prepared psychologically for the
experience. The memories proved enduring.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Returning to South Africa, I joined the staff at Northlands
Boys High School in Durban. The opulent socio-economic status of many parents
meant that they could afford private swimming coaches and so our team did well
over many years, while athletics kept up its long-standing tradition at the
school. This implied winning competitions regularly.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Having done a reasonable job at Northlands, I applied for
the job of lecturer in Physical Education at Edgewood College. I arrived as a bewildered
youth, experienced in some of the more esoteric and even brutal experiences of
life, but not particularly suited to the refinements of Academe. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I brought to the job a tinge of macho, a distrust of
memorisation as the central pillar of education, a mind open to the
non-racialism of many overseas countries and a sense of independence in thought
and action picked up during travels through more than forty countries.
Throughout, I had paid my own way and learnt that the main instrument in achievement
was my own hard effort coupled to such integrity, knowledge and skills as I had
garnered.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">On arrival at Edgewood, I was met by strangers. It was a world
different to anything previously experienced. During the 1970’s, the College
was in its infancy, having moved to Pinetown from a previous Durban campus. The
first students were all women. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The popular Eric Edminson, deeply experienced in primary
schooling, headed the staff. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few days
after arrival, he gave me the best advice I ever received from anyone. “Think
things through and look at all the consequences, then if you have a choice,
rather be kind,” he said. “Be kind”.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Eric Edminson was supported by the awesome Sylvia Vietzen (History),
and equally impressive Cynthia Scott (English language), Ailsa Mumby (Mathematics),
Ingrid Machin (History), Rosemary Miles-Cadmin (English), Jill Kelsall
(Religious Studies) and one or two others of equal eminence. I mean no cynicism
here; for a callow youth these teaching academics brought an aura of
intelligence and dignity that led to one conclusion; select your reference
characters well, and learn from them. With a need to accommodate male students,
Messrs Ken Tebbutt (Handcraft), Harry Getliffe (Physical science) and Gordon
Morton (Geography) were appointed in due course.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">In those days, a frontier spirit prevailed as the college
buildings were completed. It was fuelled by the noise of frogs at night (an
obsessive talking point for some) and the occasional discharge of dynamite when
protruding rocks were to be removed. For someone who had hitched the coast of
North Africa, bathed with whales on a yacht somewhere in the South Atlantic Ocean,
and watched the Israeli army in action on their border with Jordan, I couldn’t
quite catch the prevailing spirit. It was all so terribly civilized!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if this was a frontier, a frontier to
where? And who lay beyond it? </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The staffroom dynamics were interesting. In my naive view,
status was determined by proximity to the tea things. The staff members of the
most highly regarded subjects were in closest proximity, with a long chain of
status down to the ‘practicals’ where I seated myself respectfully.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Language was especially interesting, with second language experiencing
refugee status in a predominantly English-speaking college. They were seated a
long way from such critical survival resources as tea and coffee. I noted that,
when we moved to our grand new staffroom a year or two later, the
second-language department had seated themselves close to the urn and refused
to budge. Main language took to the opposing corner, gloves off and
glowering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">But, lest I give the impression that departments were
habitually at war, I must hasten to add that usually everyone got along fine. During
the twenty or so years I spent at Edgewood, apart from understandable intrigues
and tiffs here and there, the staff members were remarkably combined in their
social interactions and common pursuit of excellence. Many members became my firm
friends.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">There were many remarkable and engaging characters. Our new
rector, Professor Andre le Roux, became known for his brilliant, humorous and
athletic public speeches and presentations. I say athletic because Andre was
known for his remarkable agility in bobbing up and down with sheer excitement
as he regaled us with educational insights, anecdotes, homilies and missives.
One could establish the import of a speech quite accurately by recording the
height to which his heels left the stage floor. Andre established a firm
leadership based on a brilliant mind, wide knowledge of many things, basically
compassionate nature and insistence that Edgewood was to become a family to all
who operated there. It was clear that he had distinct visions of a non-racial
future.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I also recall Gordon Morton. His love of Geography (how I
had relied on his textbook <u>Man’s environment </u>years earlier while at
school!) was only exceeded by his love of motor bikes. There was also Rosemary
Miles-Cadman, known for her exceptional intellect, Cynthia Scott who was a leading
academic but also known for her compassionate care for the college cats, for
whose benefit she solicited funds (we called it putting something in the kitty).
Jan Forbes was well reputed for her creative dancing, Hugh Thompson for his
brilliant play productions, and Brian Reid for his insightful, Catholic (with a
capital C) views on History. Brian trained later at the Beda in France for the
Catholic priesthood. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">There are so many others, united in the quest to maintain
Edgewood as a centre of excellence. I plodded on steadily, establishing
Physical Education as a component of the broader curriculum, editing The Natal
Physical Educator, and working to transform the subject from a rather limited
physical training, so prevalent during the post-war years, into something
thoroughly grounded in education. This implied giving full vent to a
participant’s cognitive, emotional, social, health, psycho-motor and knowledge
capacities. In due course Jan Forbes and Bob Rottcher took the work forward
brilliantly as I moved more deeply into administration and general education.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I was asked to Head a range of subjects, and Physical Education,
Art, Handcrafts, Speech and Drama, Needlework, Health Education, Electrical Technika,
Electronic Technika, Technical Drawing, Computer Studies and Business Economics
were part of what became known as ‘Alexander’s empire’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Darryl Houghton was so successful as senior lecturer in Art
that he became subject adviser. Carolyn Higgs and Lorna Shadwell ran Speech and
Drama very capably, while Mike O’Neill did a fine job with the Technical
subjects. Ken Tebbutt managed handcrafts creatively, ensuring that Saturday
‘handcraft fairs’ became a regular feature of college life. My main job was to
assist with critical administrative jobs while ensuring that my own lack of
experience in some of these subjects didn’t destroy the natural capability and
creativity of the specialist staff. It was a great learning experience.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I also served on the College Council, was Secretary to Senate,
managed Practical Teaching, organised or helped organise conferences, served as
college examinations officer, ran the so-called Civil Defence programme,
managed the Grounds and Buildings Committee and supervised the residences. At
one time or another I was on sixteen committees and chaired six. So I kept out
of mischief.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Having entered the college with two teaching diplomas it was
clear to me that I was formally under qualified, so over the years I found time
(often two o’clock in the morning, and most weekends) to do a B.A., B. Ed.,
Masters and D.Ed. Not being sure of the first doctorate’s value, I did a
second. This was a D. Phil. Having struggled at school, I found these degrees
increasingly easy with practice and maturity. I funded them myself, with no
financial sources other than my salary. There was a measure of pride in doing
that.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The second doctorate enjoyed the encouragement of the
rector, Prof Andre le Roux. He was engaged with the Council of Rectors and
Deans of KwaZulu-Natal (CORDTEK) initiative. It was an endeavour to draw
together rectors and deans of universities and colleges, to establish a closer
symbiotic relationship on an equitable, non-racial basis. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">My D. Phil. study was based a four-year longitudinal study
of the New Era Schools Trust, an early attempt to explore strategies for
implementing a system of non-racial schooling in South Africa. The idea had
incubated for years. I understand that my study was the first of its kind in
South Africa to explore non-racial schooling. Titled <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>An exploratory Study of the New Era Schools Trust, </u></b>it was
done in 1989 through the University of Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal). It traced the
development of a system of non-racial schooling that could be a model to guide future
endeavours at the national level.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It investigated such concepts as race, ethnicity and
socio-economic class. As a result, Marxist theory was brought into the Bachelor
of Primary Education classes, which I taught.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Although I personally found flaws with the Marxian analysis, Marx helped
to sensitize me further to the travails of the impoverished and disadvantaged
in South Africa. Thereafter, there was a rapid awakening.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Whilst doing the doctorate and after its completion, during
the 1980s I embarked on a series of perhaps sixty public addresses throughout KwaZulu-Natal
and (occasionally) Gauteng. It was an attempt to convince educators in schools to
brave the emerging new world and become accepting of transition to a modern
non-racial democracy. It involved the dissemination of strategies for
transformation that would lead to a more socially, economically and politically
just society. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Probably the most interesting presentation was done at an
educational institution in Dundee, while apartheid was still fully in force.
After a long drive, I arrived to find a considerable audience, prepared my
slides and engaged with those present. I explained the evolving historical
context as best I could while exploring strategies to accommodate cultures
equitably as a foundation for shifting to a new non-racial dispensation.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then, whilst in
full flight I noticed (one could hardly ignore them) a phalanx of fourteen
brown-shirted men striding into the hall. They sat down as a tight group. Their
shoulder insignia were those of the AWB. Grim faced and tense, at question time
they rose as one man and distributed leaflets warning of sex across the racial
lines, negative happenings in other countries and the demise of white
privilege. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Their questions were direct and probing. This lead me to
explain that, as far as I was informed the term kaffir (kafir) was derived from
the Arabic word for unbeliever. Did they want to discuss religion? I asked. To
their credit there were no direct threats or aggressive behaviour, but it did
alert me to the prospect of difficult times ahead for us all. I saw them as
ordinary people whose upbringing and political views were radically different
to my own. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I found the doctoral studies through the University of Natal
particularly helpful as Edgewood College began to accommodate the staff and
students of Bechet College, which was being closed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also took in an initial intake of several
hundred African students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The transition
went as well as such things can, when one takes our benighted history and
socio-economic disparities into account. The Bechet staff, led by Lawrence
Samuels, was magnanimous in coming from their previously ‘secure’ home to adapt
to an alien environment. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Regarding the students, we had to manage matters as fairly
and equitably as we could, including their understandable anger at the
disparity in loans occasioned by Edgewood moving too quickly, ahead of the
state’s capacity to catch up with enabling legislation. The College had
summarily ‘jumped the gun’. White students got R4500 yearly, Coloured students
R2800 and Africans R2200. The figures were the cause of enduring distress.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">We had cultural differences to accommodate, also allegations
of discrimination levelled at the house committee members, accusations of
academic bias and much more. But, none of it was in any way as intense as one
might have anticipated, and the newcomers to the campus as well as the existing
community behaved with considerable decorum and restraint.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Doctorate also no doubt helped my wife Memory and me when
we first took on and raised four abandoned Zulu children as our own progeny. There
were eventually fourteen, albeit at different times. One has lived with us for
twenty-odd years, others for lesser times. For more than thirty years they have
been our sons and daughters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">As each became capable of earning a living, so the next
arrived. Several went through schooling under our care and financing, then
proceeded to higher education. Three have degrees, and four others have
diplomas achieved or pending. One has been ordained a Catholic priest. It was
all funded from our educator salaries. But we, arguably, have been enriched
more than they.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Looking back, the most difficult task I had as vice-rector
occurred in the early 1990s while Prof le Roux was in the Drakensberg foothills
attending a conference. As usual, I was asked to assume responsibility for the
College for a few days. At about 5 p.m. on the first day, just after arriving
home, I received a call from a residence staff member warning of a vehicle
accident involving some of our black students who were returning from our
College to their University residences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Unsure of what was happening, I drove to the casualty department of the King
Edward V111hospital, closest to the accident site. My actions were based on a simple
assumption. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Our students were there, bloodied and mainly unrecognisable.
I comforted them as best I could, consoled the parents and phoned Prof. le Roux.
I learnt that the driver had died and a student had been injured critically. He
was not expected to survive without serious brain damage. On the following
morning it was necessary to brief Mr Attie Ohlmesdahl, then director of
education, Prof Piet Booysen, vice chancellor and principal of the University
of Natal and Prof Berndene Nel, Dean of the faculty of Education.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">A sorrowful memorial service was thereafter held in the
Margaret Martin Theatre at Edgewood. It was lightened only slightly by the
tributes of various members of staff and beautiful, if mournful, singing of the
assembled throng. The week that followed was an understandably tough one. It
culminated in the death of the injured student who had suffered head injuries
and brought tangible sadness that seemed to touch all staff, black and white. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The journey through Edgewood over twenty years was a daily
educative experience. I feel privileged to have made superb friends
irrespective of their race or ethnicity and to have served there. I look on the
experience largely with affection, and trust that the present staff will strive
constantly to exceed what we achieved in the service of the children of
KwaZulu-Natal.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">No race is free of racist behaviour to others. More than
ever, South Africans need integrity, service orientation, generosity of spirit,
tolerance and mutual respect if we are to progress. Only then can we claim to
be a light-infused ‘rainbow nation’.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-53824368932947469432015-04-28T22:34:00.002-07:002015-04-28T22:36:23.914-07:00Xenophobia South Africa; turning the tide<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Xenophobia
South Africa; turning the tide<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRDGKG3pnlKEJawSGUPI3w8gkKzR0F-QKKpErMfcjFgq7dp4PforyiIz5EMoxweMYONsoCDdV8uUlXYvohdHjVJyHb2VCzn3tAN8wEyV3OIDC-fZ2X3jWAF5gt3tGP_M2T7b7fuTpgN4su/s1600/2006_0808Masifundisane0006.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRDGKG3pnlKEJawSGUPI3w8gkKzR0F-QKKpErMfcjFgq7dp4PforyiIz5EMoxweMYONsoCDdV8uUlXYvohdHjVJyHb2VCzn3tAN8wEyV3OIDC-fZ2X3jWAF5gt3tGP_M2T7b7fuTpgN4su/s1600/2006_0808Masifundisane0006.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Because of their complexity and depth, the
tides and currents of xenophobia that have swirled though our country will only
return to calm if diverse, precisely targeted strategies are used to ease
tensions. Foremost amongst these is the address of poverty, a debilitating
phenomenon that underlies almost every other social ill in this country. This
is where the past <u>Masifundisane</u> project could help.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A few years ago, the Masifundisane literacy programme
was run successfully in KwaZulu-Natal, under the conscientious leadership of
Mrs Cynthia Mpati of the Department of Education. It was directed at adults
whose education had been fractured by apartheid. Cuba provided a model. Local
unemployed KZN matriculants provided much of the teaching manpower, but local
communities owned it and provided monitoring. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Masifundisane gave participants an education
focused on their home language Zulu, as well as the language of the economy and
much of the outside world, which is English. A more widely-scoped curriculum is
now needed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We need a national endeavour that encompasses;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The home language and
English literacy<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Numeracy and
financial/business literacy<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Entrepreneurship and how to
run a small business such as a co-operative<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Economic geography of the
surrounding environment, business opportunities<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Selected vocational skills
suited to the region<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Every component of the courses would be
focused on achieving economic independence for the participants in the region
in which they live, either as an individual, member of a collective or seeker
of employment. There would be no wasted theorizing; just solid, practical,
usable knowledge and skills. The development of suitable certification would be
explored.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Every component of the curriculum above
should also be integrated into the public schooling system, perhaps in the Life
Orientation curriculum of Grades 7, 8 or 9. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We could adopt the Masifundisane (Google it,
or check </span></span><a href="http://www.alexeducational.co.za/"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial;">www.alexeducational.co.za</span></span></a><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and its linked sites for a summary) project as a model. It was a
brilliant endeavour. Lessons were run in community halls, churches and school
classrooms after hours, and every other venue available was employed in the
task. Unemployed matric students taught for a modest salary, and the local
community monitored and reported on progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">SABC radio and television programmes, NGOs,
churches and businesses could be harnessed. SETAS could be incorporated (but solely
for initial, basic curriculum content and emphatically not for the suffocating
administrative and bureaucratic constraints the SETAS must implement).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Instead of trading insults on the floor of
parliament in the unseemly manner that has recently held sway, politicians
might join forces to ensure that the proposed programmes work. Our society has
not benefited from the past, indulgent mud-slinging; the fracas has given the
nation a particularly bad model to follow and we are currently reaping the
whirlwind. We need a return to propriety and proper work.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Although a measure of socialism underlies the
suggested scheme, businesses must surely see the advantage of striving to develop
social equilibrium based on a proliferation of micro- and meso-businesses. Big
companies and banks might adopt a local or municipal region and reap some cudos
from their investment. ‘Ordinary’ citizens might contribute greatly. Basic
funding can be built into the education budget each year, and some money might be
transferred from the SETAS. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Politics would have to be kept out of the mix
as far as possible, if a programme such as that envisaged is to be run
successfully throughout the country. The goodwill, input and resources of all political
parties would have to be invited and accessed sensitively, while retaining a
healthy measure of independent action and conscience. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">At a time of acute stress in international
relations generated by the recent outbreak of xenophobia , the added burden of
inviting internal social and political collaboration would be difficult to orchestrate.
With the inbuilt oppositional tensions inherent in our democratic Westminster
parliamentary system, it might prove impossible. But it is surely worth discussion
and if feasible, implementation. The benefits of success would be enormous.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A model derived from Cuba, involving
government initiatives might smack too much for some people of ‘creeping socialism’.
On the other hand, success would bring economic freedom for many, with a
measure of independence from the present widespread state support. I believe
that in this case, the ends justify the means. It would mean a brave new world
for many.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Masifundisane project is described in
some detail under <u>Community empowerment through enhanced literacy</u> at </span><a href="http://www.alexsolutions.wordpress.wordpress.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial;">www.alexsolutions.wordpress.wordpress.com</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">
and </span><a href="http://www.alexstoriesandart.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial;">www.alexstoriesandart.blogspot.com</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">
. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You might like to look it up. It’s a South
African initiative of worldwide importance. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-19521883948840084292015-04-26T03:07:00.007-07:002015-04-26T03:07:56.295-07:00Xenophobia South Africa
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Xenophobia South Africa</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSs2f-kyzrck0qwAeBEdAJWrVuMYBeto92zV9jsSaLbBPe85tzgfcqtDEPhUH6YVQGp9zrakwO6gn1T4S5M1rrOaWHX3ItwQ2x1i1ykZDzldKkxc6-nsMoFNiZUVH_BkFU7kGPMCjdAHN/s1600/FALSE+FREEDOM.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpSs2f-kyzrck0qwAeBEdAJWrVuMYBeto92zV9jsSaLbBPe85tzgfcqtDEPhUH6YVQGp9zrakwO6gn1T4S5M1rrOaWHX3ItwQ2x1i1ykZDzldKkxc6-nsMoFNiZUVH_BkFU7kGPMCjdAHN/s1600/FALSE+FREEDOM.JPG" height="320" width="225" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Desperate people are fleeing out of both ends of Africa; the
north and the south. In North Africa, refugees are searching for a better life
in already-crowded Europe. Many have come from war-torn countries. As a result
of desperation, many have endured terrible deaths at the hands of brutal agents
bent on making a quick buck without regard for the savage fate to which they
are committing their victims. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Politicians in European countries are searching for ways to
accommodate a regulated, ‘manageable’ number of migrants. In this, they are
discharging the first duty of any government, which is to secure the safety of
their citizens. They are also attempting to stem the tide at source by targeted
action on the African continent itself. They face a titanic battle between
expediency and conscience, with the lives of thousands at stake... and also the
reputations of their countries.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In the far south, South Africa has over the years accommodated
several million economic and political migrants, some of whom no doubt also
qualify as refugees. Past Government immigration policy had been one of benign
understatement. Now for some migrants as well as ‘local’ people, especially for
those deeply in poverty, a breaking-point has been reached. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">While most of South Africa has gone about its business
relatively unperturbed, pockets of vehement, violent conduct have broken out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many migrants, especially those who are
involved in commerce, have been generalised as corrupt, ruthless, exploitive,
and perhaps even ‘colonialist’. Only now as mature reflection intrudes at last,
is their economic contribution to society being recognised. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">South Africans think so easily by classifying individual
human beings into ‘groups’. We are besotted by ‘group-think’. One’s race,
social class and family name come before one’s personal identity, character,
service or other achievements. I do not blame any single sector of our
population for this skewed thinking, which often leads to tremendous injustice,
as the apartheid years showed. Group-thought and mindless generalising are
alive and well. We all do it. Individual character, service and personal accountability
are often glossed over.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Where their citizens have been terrorised or even killed, African
Governments have responded vehemently. Some response from these countries is
justified, understandable and worthy of recompense and an assumption of
responsibility on the part of the South African Government. Yet, a considerable
number of perpetrators of violence were tried and sentenced after the 2008
riots. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In the short term they were no doubt slow to react to the
present eruption, and in the long term, poverty has remained addressed less effectively
than it should have been. In that regard, we citizens who actually comprise ‘the
state’ are also culpable. We have become numbed. It’s not only Government. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In a few cases, there is a distinct taint of politics
inherent in some of the statements from Africa; also a measure of envious
denigration and no doubt economic competition. I doubt whether any other state
in Africa could have acted with any greater speed than our Government did. To
prove the case, readers can choose from many recent examples of laxity on the
part of other governments. Indulge yourself. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">My wife and I are white South Africans, born in this country
of parents also born here. I did not support apartheid, although I enjoyed its
benefits. As educationists, my wife and I pursued education as career paths,
and both of us served until it hurt, drawing salaries no greater than the
comparable salary paid to any other ‘cultural group’ of the time. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Increasingly uneasy and later opposed to the prevailing political
dispensation, I judged my white skin to be worth a million rand in indirect (or
perhaps direct) benefits during my early years. I became a social activist while
in a senior position in the education sphere. I researched racism with a D.
Ed., and spoke against the policy and practice <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for many years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the capacity of a college Vice Rector, such
public speaking was controversial, but never threatening to me or otherwise
heroic to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two of my public addresses
were broken up by the advocates of apartheid; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>interesting experiences. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">My wife and I of course rejected violence, and sought initially
to make a contribution through NGO’S, but then decided to operate domestically
outside politics. We became ‘father’ and ‘mother’ to four young Zulus (one was
a week old) whose mother had died in my wife’s vehicle en route to hospital. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The mother had lived with us for six months while
ill. So, for thirty-five years we assisted a growing, extended Zulu family in
building their houses, pursuing career paths and getting employment. We were
all too busy to indulge ourselves with racist thoughts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">There was nothing particularly commendable about this. I’m
sure many others in South Africa have done the same, or more. And, we were well
rewarded. We paid our two-million rand virtual social debt, retained a measure
of dignity, and were rewarded with several of our youngsters becoming teachers.
Another qualified as a Catholic priest (he was ordained within the Catholic
Church on 07 March 2015), and another as an electrician. There was also a financial
administrator and several others are still training. We did it on state educationist/educator
salaries and have been well rewarded, with very few disappointments. Old gogo (granny)
was the mainstay of the family through their difficult years, as is quite usual
these days; not us.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I am ‘white’ and, being born in Africa, I am an African. I am
proud of it. And, I shall define myself as I wish. No-one else shall. I’m tired
of being labelled indirectly as colonist, exploiter, or any other unpleasant
implied epithet. I’m sure millions of other South Africans who have contributed
to our economy and served in other ways greater than mine feel the same. Even
the African immigrants who were born in other countries are now being praised
for their economic contribution. Initially damned, many are now feeling
affirmed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">As the xenophobic fracas settles and the country returns to
normality, I hope the shock of the most recent xenophobic episode focuses our minds
on a national scale. Above all, I hope that we as a nation can learn to look at
such things as character as something worthwhile, rather than race or the banal
trappings of wealth. The poor have been used as political fodder for long
enough. And civil society is not blameless. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">We in South Africa are a cultural kaleidoscope and a
microcosm of the world. I hope that every citizen who has a bit more than average
assets, no matter how little the reserve is, will occasionally use it well in
the service of the needy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the rich
can always do more. In a world currently bent on suicide that will be a means
to build a people worthy of the accolade ‘Rainbow Nation’.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-73997741023201376382015-04-17T23:30:00.000-07:002015-04-17T23:51:34.152-07:00Xenophobia: quo vadis, South Africa?<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Xenophobia: quo vadis, South Africa?</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidX2unNGIIXjSeZSchxqh0bzgDFtq3kjmxngLiXC-Oe3xnGZ8-j2jmaCkYbvB4HyONts0W6g4Md5BF-EPzew7fbxLhwhRA-eKffm3gcu5fZAgnbfzpmwj0WJm8xZiktKkDm-tOGl2Oloo5/h120/DSCF1284.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" class="lm-O-x" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidX2unNGIIXjSeZSchxqh0bzgDFtq3kjmxngLiXC-Oe3xnGZ8-j2jmaCkYbvB4HyONts0W6g4Md5BF-EPzew7fbxLhwhRA-eKffm3gcu5fZAgnbfzpmwj0WJm8xZiktKkDm-tOGl2Oloo5/h120/DSCF1284.JPG" style="height: 120px; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 90px;" width="300" /></a></span></div>
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</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Recent events in and around my home city Durban have sent
shivers down the spines of South Africans. Xenophobic attacks have occurred
against foreigners, initially amongst owners of small businesses in Isipingo, central
Durban and Verulam. There have been deaths. The social disturbances have now spread
to the Witwatersrand in Gauteng province, and no end to the disturbances is yet
in sight. Similar unrest occurred in 2002, 2008 and 2014.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The trigger for these events seems to be a rising antipathy and
even hatred on the part of impoverished local communities. It is largely directed
against foreign nationals who have migrated to South Africa in huge numbers because
of political or economic pressures in their own countries. The total of such
people is estimated at four million. The broader setting has been conducive to
social disruption, since during times of international economic, political,
religious and social disruptions, migrants and refugees are obvious targets for
the focus of anger amongst those already under pressure. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">President Zuma has spoken on the subject, and has apparently
invited answers to the problem, from whatever quarter. This present post is a
response to that invitation. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Allegations of thoughtless statements by public figures and
even underlying political intrigue are emerging, and need to be investigated
thoroughly. If necessary, people must be held accountable. The response by
government was tardy initially, but it is gathering momentum. Numerous
statements have been made by government officials and members of civil society
condemning the violence. We must all do so. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Many commentators have condemned the initial media reaction,
which for a time focused on debates about whether the problem represents
xenophobia or afrophobia. As the problem deepened, there was a realisation that
the country needed vigorous action, not words. After some vacillation, the government
responded with police action to ensure the safety of people whose lives were
most in jeopardy. They have now correctly discerned the wellbeing of the
civilian population as a first urgent step. In Durban and Gauteng, police have
clamped down on crowd violence and associated criminality. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Several thousand people have been displaced. They are being
housed temporarily in tent villages, police stations and other shelters.
Angered and dismayed by the harsh events, some will no doubt return to their
home countries. An exodus has begun. Several states have already taken action
to repatriate citizens, and South Africa’s reputation as an exemplary country
where a brilliant constitution holds sway has been besmirched and the
underlying social fragilities revealed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Condemnation of the violence and desultory initial response
has come from Nigeria, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and also Boko Haram and Al
Shebaab. Political and economic retaliation have been threatened. The
Department of Foreign Relations has been hard pressed to respond to and placate
these criticisms. It is probable that South Africa will suffer in its
international relations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Some foreigners have not got relevant residence permits, and
complain of experiencing corrupt practices in the registration process, muddled
thinking and sometimes, enormous distances to be covered to get documents
renewed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In due course there will be the preparation of long-term
plans to manage the crisis, to ensure a return to reasonably normal social
interactions, and the development of a strategy to forestall recurrence. The
process of introspection and planning has already begun. Unfortunately, as is
so common with the managements of these sorts of events, initial reaction is to
see and address only the surface manifestations, but not to drill or probe more
deeply into the underlying aetiology. Clearly, the current events are symptoms
of deeper things than those appearing at the surface. These have incubated and
festered over decades, exacerbated by apartheid but also by mistakes made
during the past few decades of ‘freedom’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Many of the transgressors are Zulus, a nation that at one
stage was the most powerful military and political body in South-east Africa. Read
<u>Shaka.The Story of a Zulu King</u> for background. The fact is still
embedded in the collective unconscious of large numbers of people, and fuels an
underlying but tangible, simmering political resentment. Despite being the
largest identifiable cultural entity in Southern Africa, historically they
never consolidated into a nation-state such as that of the Sothos (Lesotho) or
Swazis (Swaziland). There has apparently never been a satisfaction of
historical ambitions. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">A further provocation is that many live in a state of
comparative poverty. The result is often a sense of hopelessness, loss of
initiative and surrender to a sense of impotence and hopelessness. Yet amongst
them are the most remarkable, kindly and precious people one can hope to meet. I
have admired them for their ineffable strength of character, fortitude,
courtesy and compassion despite their being in the grip of undeserved, grinding
poverty. Some have become ‘family’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In general however, South African society seems to harbour a
deeply rooted propensity to resort to violence to get one’s way, and the
concept of ubuntu sometimes appears more like a fragile, politically expedient
construct to be trotted out when necessary, rather than a reality. It seems at
times to extend no further than a narrow clan allegiance based on related names
and interests. In our society there is also a measure of allegiance to larger
‘tribal’ entities whether black, brown or white, but little empathic regard for
humanity in a wider context. We delude ourselves by accepting the designation
‘rainbow nation’. We have yet to earn that accolade.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The present outbursts of aggression are focused on xenophobia,
which implies a fear and even hatred of foreigners or even strangers. It is a
reaction that flies directly in the face of the ubuntu ethic. It has given vent
to opportunistic criminality and the looting of shops and other property. Some
of the anger is even alleged to originate in an attempt to clear debts by
driving away the implicated business owners.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Poverty has over many years been exacerbated by the
apartheid legacy which is not yet entirely expunged from current economic,
political and social activities. White people are still pilloried en bloc,
including those who fought apartheid. The persistence of poverty is recent
years is due to a composite of syndromes such as corruption emanating from the
elites within government and business, shocking labour relations underlying
such events as the Marikana Massacre that have scared off overseas and domestic
investment, a contested trade union battle for national hegemony, recent appalling
behaviour within parliament that has set a new low bar for what can be
tolerated within human interactions, and persistent and entrenched feelings of elitism,
superiority and entitlement characteristic of many. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Then there is the dismal performance of many municipalities
as well as parastatals such as ESCOM and SAA that have further damaged our
economy. One can add the schooling system which consuming massive resources,
yet produces little to reassure taxpayers and especially parents.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">As usual, these current disturbances have loaded further
stress onto the shoulders of the police services, still reeling from such
exposes as the Marikana enquiry while trying bravely to maintain morale in the
face of poor performances by some members. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">South Africa has for long been describes as a ‘microcosm of
the world’. With a world in turmoil, we have not needed these horrific events. Well,
now a brave new world is needed. We must penetrate to current and historical
fundamentals and address them responsibly to the advantage of both contesting
blocs. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Some solutions might lie in the following suggestions.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">We are engaged here with disruptions of a complex
social system. To address the trauma adequately demands intelligent systemic thinking
that penetrates to the roots of the problem and tracks the various underlying
threads that cause the surface manifestations we now see. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">We can accept that the present events will be
brought under temporary control, as if a lid was put on a boiling pot. But,
they will resurface in a month, a year or a decade, just as the pressure in a
pot is likely to repeatedly dislodge the lid. Action and reaction will continue
until lasting solutions are found. The solution lies in an impossible vision;
the development of an unshakeable empathic national character that pursues a
common good for all people resident in South Africa.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">While some roots of the present turmoil can be
traced back to apartheid, events in South Africa in the past two decades have
also exacerbated a steady descent to chaos. Amongst these, appalling widespread
corruption coupled to political arrogance are probably the most disruptive
factors that have driven people apart. More than anything else, these factors
have shaken faith in positive change.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">4.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">As a nation, we must consolidate nationally. We
must accept that historical factors are tenacious. On the massive scale
inherent in our South African society, poverty is abominably difficult to
ameliorate. Each individual must accept responsibility for addressing the
underlying economic realities across a breadth of social entities including
races, classes and genders. Civil society must more actively address poverty in
creative ways. The government cannot do it all, although when one notes the past
profligate and wasteful expenditure, it is clear that it could do far more than
it does at present. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">5.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Individuals might accept a personal project.
Families that can cope economically might help someone to build a small
two-roomed house, educate a child or find employment. My wife and I have been
engaged with this for the past thirty-five years. It is reaffirming and
immensely enriching. I’m sure many others have done the same. The trend needs
to spread.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">6.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Government must accept and value positive inputs
from any quarter, insofar as it is predicated on the national good. This
implies listening to opposition parties as well as ‘ordinary’ citizens. But we
need action, not ‘talking heads’.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Government must stand firmly behind the
Constitution and the laws that emanate from it. In practical terms they must
support the Police Service in undertaking a difficult and sensitive task,
uphold the courts in their decisions, and maintain the morale of municipalities
in the discharge of their related duties. Their present policy of placing the
security of individuals as a top, practical priority is sensible and
commendable. This avoids immersion in senseless obfuscations surrounding
debates on terminology and ideological imperatives.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">8.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Without fear or favour, anyone found culpable of
fomenting or propagating a resort to violence or who has resorted to violence, theft
or the destruction of property must be censured and if necessary brought before
the law.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">9.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Government should establish a firm yet
compassionate immigration/border control. This will of course always prove a
contradiction. With people from other countries flooding into South Africa,
many impoverished citizens feel that they are being sacrificed while the more
opulent make no sacrifice. This fuels feelings of xenophobia. Yet the
entitlements of migrants must also be honoured and respected.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">South Africa is signatory to international
conventions, and there are entitlements to recognise and accommodate. Many refugees
feel humiliated and let down. Those who wish to reintegrate into their
communities need police protection if they are to do so safely.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Accordingly, on the one hand the country
must meet the dictates of conscience and international law, and on the other
one needs to protect an over-burdened social service while also protecting the citizenry
within our borders. More vigorous programmes of adult education such as that
mounted under the Masifundisane banner some years ago will help. Whatever is
done, the present muddled thinking must end.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">10.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
education system must be overhauled and transformed. It is matter for
individual teachers to put right, by adopting a professional and not
self-centred ‘trade unionist’ approach. Many who are in poverty in this country
are the victims of an inadequate education. Many emerging from grade 12
schooling are apparently proving unemployable. I suspect that much of the fiercest
resentment arises through the perception of local communities that they cannot
compete fairly against the better-educated people flooding into the country. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Further, school curricula need the infusion
of programmes promoting interpersonal tolerance and a multi-cultural approach. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">11.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">We
as a nation must learn to value character, empathy and service beyond wealth.
We have yet to earn our indulgent, self-accorded characterisation as a ’rainbow
nation’. At present, there’s no rainbow. The darkest storm-clouds are still gathering.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-29251503383520282402015-03-26T22:41:00.002-07:002015-03-26T22:41:30.517-07:00Haste comes before a fall.<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I fell on wet verandah tiles a few weeks ago, and fractured my ulna at the elbow. It was apparently a spectacular, if complicated, flight. A bit of bone schrapnel was thrown in for good measure. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Such things take years of practice. Nuyerev would have been proud.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">A hospital excursion, surgery and rehab. have been interesting experiences; no doubt suited to the needs of a writer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I'll not be able to post for another month, but look forward to getting back to it as soon as my elbow treats me kindly again.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Alex Coutts</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-80733186340241531282015-02-13T21:36:00.001-08:002015-02-13T21:36:33.546-08:00The Military Career of Shaka, Zulu King
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
Military Career of Shaka, Zulu King<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This is a summary of a presentation done on in Durban on 12 February 2015 for the Military Historians Society of South Africa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLLML9pEvCNGCzB_awMgl-Sf1zQh4VBjgaDxxWmdNEfdkoQwltFJnFFQVZdEI0Z8tgLqHqs9sHGK8Ct_u4-TA-aejLmO-EXfopbmxc8XsP7o1lylPa3IAYQ2u2Gwlwttuh4nVc_5wLEKx2/s1600/58-SHAKA.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLLML9pEvCNGCzB_awMgl-Sf1zQh4VBjgaDxxWmdNEfdkoQwltFJnFFQVZdEI0Z8tgLqHqs9sHGK8Ct_u4-TA-aejLmO-EXfopbmxc8XsP7o1lylPa3IAYQ2u2Gwlwttuh4nVc_5wLEKx2/s1600/58-SHAKA.JPG" height="320" width="222" /></a></o:p></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">During
the early 1600’s, a small band of people under the patriarch Malandela settled
for a time on the Highveld in the proximity of present Vryheid. After trouble
with local tribesmen during which the stone walls of their cattle kraals were
damaged, they migrated down the White Umfolozi Valley, sojourning for a time in
the area later known as Emakhoseni. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In due course they settled in the Valley of
the Umhlatuze under Malandela, who established an umuzi on the long slope north
of the present maNdawe Church. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">After
a quarrel between his sons Zulu and Quabe, Zulu returned with his mother
Nozinja to the beloved Emakhosini Valley they had traversed earlier. He is
recorded as living from 1627 to 1709. From these origins sprang a long line of
Zulu chiefs (kings). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The otherwise nondescript valley holds the grave-sites of
Zulu, Phunga, Mageba, Ndaba, Jama, Senzangakhona and Dinuzulu. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shaka’s entire life was influenced by the
heritage of the emerging Zulu nation, centred on the Emakhoseni valley, the
‘Valley of the kings’. Much of his military career can be attributed to his
mother Nandi’s insistence that he take a rightful place in that dynasty. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In
1787, after a tryst between the Zulu heir Senzangahkona and Nandi, princess of
the Elangeni tribe to the south, Shaka was born as an illegitimate. The Zulu
dismissed the pregnancy as the work of ‘an intestinal beetle’. Shaka’s
strong-willed mother became the unloved third wife of Senzangakhona. The fact
resulted in humiliation for Shaka and his mother, leading to many hatreds and
grudges and an urge to fight his way to supremacy. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Nandi kept the kingly vision in front of Shaka
from his birth until her death and constantly brought to his attention that he
was the son of a Zulu paramount chief (king). She urged him to resurrect the
Zulu nation to dominance in opposition to his many less robust half-brothers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">This
ensured the honing of Shaka’s character and skills during a tough and even
brutal childhood. He endured torment and hardships as a young herder, and
oppression from the Elangeni tribe of his mother. These cruelties are supported
by many anecdotes. He learned stick-fighting and perfected it until left
severely alone by the other boys, apart from grudging respect. After an
indiscretion involving disagreements with the Elangeni heir apparent Makedama
and the stabbing of an unmanageable cow during the famine of 1802-04, he was
obliged to flee with his mother Nandi to Mthethwa territory closer to the coast.
They lived with that tribe for a decade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Quick
to learn military techniques and tactics, Shaka became a rising military star
of the Mthethwa and a favourite of the renowned Dingiswayo. Shaka stamped his
authority and presence on the younger warriors, and recorded notable
achievements such as killing a cattle-raider known as Lembe. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In
due course Shaka’s patron Dingiswayo engineered the young warrior’s supremacy
amongst the Zulus in order to secure his western flank militarily against the
feared Ndwandwe living to the north along the Phongolo River. Shaka arranged
the assassination of his brother Sigujana and assumed the kingship while backed
by a Mthethwa regiment. On Dingiswayo death at the hands of Zwide, he was free
to extend his powers further. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">He
innovated the short, powerful iklwa stabbing spear and huge war shield, buffalo
attack formation and hardening of his troops for battle. A strict regimen of
discipline was instituted. Selected campaign strategies were refined and
practiced on smaller local tribes. The Elangeni were overrun and a brutal
vengeance exacted on those who had done him or his mother any hurt. The
Buthelezi were defeated. Their leaders were incorporated as councillors, if
compliant enough. Shaka steadily incorporated tribes near and far, and embarked
on campaigns worthy of more historically lauded military leaders elsewhere,
even Napoleon.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">In
his prime, Shaka as king was a magnificent physical specimen, resplendent in
ceremonial dress. He showed an acute intelligence, capable of weighing evidence
dispassionately, hypothesising, applying critical analysis and engaging with
creative strategising. He showed acute awareness of how complex social and
natural systems tend to operate. Many of these thinking processes are evident
in his complex and usually successful military strategies. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Major
battles includes Kwa Gqokli, involving an intricate deception to divide the
Ndwandwe army between assaulting the Zulu regiments ensconced on Kwa Goqlkli
hill, and pursuing a small herd of Zulu decoy cattle. Shaka used many elements
such as thirst, breaking up the invading forces by various stratagems, superior
fighting weapons, disciplined troop formations, and the constant availability
of food and water provisions, to his advantage. The outcome was a far greater
loss of manpower on the Ndwandwe side than with the Zulus. The result was more
than satisfactory, because the Ndwandwe reward was a limited number of cattle
as the spoils of war, while the Zulus bought time during which to build up their
forces. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A major defensive campaign a year later was also concluded
successfully, with the Ndwandwe suffering tremendous losses. The Ndwandwe were
finally reduced to impotence in a savage campaign of retribution that took the
Zulu army as far as the upper Phongolo River.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">After
the death of Shaka’s mother Nandi in 1827, the king introduced severe
constraints to ensure a satisfactory period of national mourning for her.
Sexual intercourse was banned. Living women were recorded as having been opened
to check the presence of the unborn. Many cattle were also killed as result of
the mourning period, while solid food might not be eaten. Resentment grew.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Shaka seemed to be suffering from schizophrenia, with wild mood swings
consuming him in his last year. He was wounded by Quabe or Ndwandwe attackers,
with a blade driven under his left biceps and into his ribs. The wounds were
attended to by Farewell, to the king’s gratitude. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">A
few years after first meeting the white settlers who became ensconced in Port
Natal in 1824 as traders, in 1828 Shaka engaged them with his army in an
attempt to carve a way through Southern Natal and Xhosa territory to establish
trading relations with the Eastern Cape town of Grahamstown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
traders had a broad strategy of setting up a trading empire that would
eventually link in with the Cape authorities. This involved a major campaign to
Xhosa territory to the south. The policy brought mutterings from the Zulus, who
felt that Shaka’s relationships with the traders were too warm, and too disparaging
of the Zulus themselves. There were rising intrigues against the king. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
king was murdered in September 1828, in a side-kraal Nyakamubi of the great
ikhanda (military village) at Stanger in Natal. The role of Shaka’s aged aunt
and previously regent, Mkabayi, is clear in approving the actions to be taken
by Dingane, Mhlangana and Mbopa to ‘save the nation’. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
book <u>Shaka.The story of a Zulu king</u> is available for a few dollars on <u>Amazon</u>
Kindle and in hard copy from <u>Createspace</u>, under Alex Coutts. The web
site </span><a href="http://www.alexeducational.co.za/"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: blue;">www.alexeducational.co.za</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> and blog site </span><a href="http://www.alexstoriesandart.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: blue;">www.alexstoriesandart.blogspot.com</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> will get you there.
Alternatively you might just enjoy looking at the 50 paintings on the website
or reading of the blogsite stories set in KZN.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-26807654366990382442015-02-10T22:29:00.000-08:002015-02-10T22:29:32.099-08:00The Coelancanth and Other Marine Creatures
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<h1 align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc357426571"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;">The Coelancanth and Other Marine Creatures</span></span></a></h1>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiesXVF0zgy2BxaIef8j8YLMOQkmzTxLV70-_KYDhOaRqbE2fVLfciqEDucbfdtOjB-vCjlRHS7JS9BadA-PtDFRDERIhvfDzqrGyU7Dw4CkrpjnWmyIZq5rDJu4jjJ6VkgAtBuwiWSpifE/s1600/03-COELACANTH.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiesXVF0zgy2BxaIef8j8YLMOQkmzTxLV70-_KYDhOaRqbE2fVLfciqEDucbfdtOjB-vCjlRHS7JS9BadA-PtDFRDERIhvfDzqrGyU7Dw4CkrpjnWmyIZq5rDJu4jjJ6VkgAtBuwiWSpifE/s1600/03-COELACANTH.JPG" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coelacanth at Durban Watersports Club</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Relics of the past<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For anyone
interested in palaeontology and pre-history, South Africa is a good place to
be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our unique and precious geological
and palaeontological histories have left magnificent relics of the past in the
form of fossils. Many of these are of interest to South Africans and tourists
alike. KwaZulu-Natal has its full share of these gems. More exciting yet, we
have a ‘living fossil’.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">During the Cretaceous period from about 100 million
down to fifty million years ago, Maputaland in the north of the province was
under a warm, shallow sea. Great creatures roamed the waters. Simple, shelled
organisms were plentiful. Billions of marine molluscs decayed to form part of
the sediments of present-day Maputaland. These are most prolific along the
banks of the present rivers that have eroded the overlying sediments and some are
far from the present seashore. Ammonites and trilobites are plentiful. To the
perceptive observer, they come as a reminder of the instability of our earthly
topography. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Great sharks and
other things<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Maputaland coast re-submerged about twenty million
years ago and then emerged again, during the Early Cainozoic period. The sea
receded, and then returned five million years ago. Before the waters receded
again, they left sand deposits that formed into low ridges roughly parallel
with the present coastline.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As result of this many shellfish fossils are now
unearthed far inland. Great sharks (carcharodon megalodon), probably related to
the present-day great whites (carcharodon caracharias), shed their 15
centimetre teeth and left them as part of our palaeontological and tourism
heritage. These beasts were perhaps the length of present-day whale sharks.
That means they were fifteen or more metres long. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lethal waters of
the East Coast<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Sharks have also made their mark in recent times. Since
World War 11</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">especially, while going about their business of attacking and
eating a wide range of creatures venturing into the aquatic environment, sharks
have also made their predations felt amongst the human population.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The last month of 1957 and during the first months of
1958 was a dreadful period for bathers off the East Coast of South Africa. I
remember it well since I was part of a group of Northlands High School students
who during the holidays spent spare hours two hundred meters out at ‘seconds’
waiting for the perfect wave. On rare occasions these reached five metres,
enough to drag one for a hundred meters under water before one could catch one’s
breath.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We very occasionally saw the ominous flash of a grey fin
when the Umgeni River brought down sediment, and one of our gang went off a
whale’s back as it surfaced close to shore. So our lives were not without incident.
But nothing would touch us. We were protected utterly by what the writer Robert
Ardrey used to call ‘the illusion of central position’. Reason told us it was
always the other chap who’d get the chop, never us. We were seventeen, and
therefore innately immune from harm.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On 23 December 1957, Vernon Barry suffered fatal
mauling while swimming at Margate, and three days later at Splash Rock on the
South Coast Donald Webster suffered wounds to the head and neck. On 30 December,
a shark savaged Julia Painting at Margate. Julia lost her left arm and was mauled
on the thigh and torso. The incident set newspaper headlines ablaze. On 9
January 1958, Derryk Prinsloo became a further victim and a few months later
there were more victims, one at Port Edward and one at Uvongo. People dubbed
the tragedies, collectively, ‘Black December’.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Revenge<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As with so many other scenarios where humans venture
into the realms of powerful predators, observers laid blame solely on the wild
creatures, and revenge in the form of their destruction became a powerful
motive. During the years that followed, men with .303 calibre rifles turned up
regularly at the Blue Lagoon promontory adjacent to the Umgeni River, to shoot
at any fins that presented in the offshore waters.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">One or two bullets ricocheted off the surface, and the
stories of yacht sails impacted by ricocheting bullets grew in number. Faced
with heated complaints from offshore yachtsmen and ski boat owners, the authorities
banned the hunting. In 1962, the Sharks Anti-Shark Measures Board was
established and in due course, they implemented the netting of beaches.
Unfortunately, over the years the nets have taken the lives of turtles,
dolphins and other sea creatures as well as sharks. The practice remains
controversial.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Destruction of
species<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Apart from sharks, the coastal waters of KwaZulu-Natal have
been host to myriads of fish species, now badly depleted from over-angling,
defiance of legal catch quotas, neglect of the law in a variety of other ways,
and the view that natural species are so plentiful that they can be consumed
endlessly. The annual sardine migrations up the KZN coast and the schools of
shad and other predatory species that follow them have fuelled the view of
bountiful, even endless ocean life. Repeatedly, research is proving that
contention wrong. Coastal species are highly vulnerable.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In good years during ‘shad season’, certain coastal locations
will see two or three kilometres of fishing rods, with anglers standing shoulder
to shoulder. Where the shad (pomatomus saltatrix) are in particularly high
concentrations, some anglers in the throng are forced to cast their baits directly
over those pushing in front of them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Offshore, ski boats carry the more opulent anglers to
fishing grounds where pelagic species occur. In sheltered locations where fry
and territorial species congregate, a few seine netters still ply their trade.
The result has been an incremental reduction of fish stocks, to the detriment
of angling as a sport and, ultimately, fishing as a subsistence occupation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gone is the concentration of some territorial species,
and the diversity of this form of life is now increasingly reduced. Only
further north on the protected coastline of Maputaland is a wide range of
species found in plenty. In one or two small, heavily protected locations, wild
creatures of special interest still survive.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Enter the
coelacanths<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Of considerable interest are the coelacanths, a further
unique life form that has a long history of habitation identified with
KwaZulu-Natal and the East Coast of Africa, Indonesia and one or two other
places. Dating has recorded many species of coelacanth from forty-seven genera
and five families in the fossil records of several countries. Fossil specimens
come from as early as 380 million years ago.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In earlier times Marine biologists thought the
coelacanths had died out seventy million years ago along with the dinosaurs. In
December 1938, however, to the astonishment of the scientific world, a fishnet
off East London on the southeast coast of South Africa dredged a living
specimen up. Prof J.L.B. Smith published a description in the international
journal <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nature</i> and named it Latimeria
Chalumnae. Smith spent fourteen years attempting to identify the home territory
of the fish species, and finally in December 1952 identified a specimen off the
Comoro Islands in the proximity of Madagascar. From that time interest in the
species spread.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Modern research<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Anglers have caught about 200 specimens since then and
scientists have done initial studies of their appearance and habits. From the 1980’s
to recent times, the Germans Hans Fricke and Jurgen Schauer have used a
submersible in a search for further living specimens. Divers have recorded recent
sightings in canyons off Sodwana Bay. The fish have proved fascinating. They are
slow-swimming ambush predators that feed on unwary fish passing by their lairs.
Live ‘pups’ are born after a year-long gestation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On 28 October 2000,
Pieter Venter and colleagues located a living specimen at approximately 100
metres in Jesser Canyon off the Maputaland coast. He then conducted several
further dives, some with use of Jago, a German submersible. A number of
sightings occurred, of coelacanths in the Jesser Caves that protect the fish
from the strongest sea currents. Casual divers may no longer interfere with the
species, although scientists are considering installation of a benign and non-intrusive
camera, the ‘seacam’. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In honour of the
coelacanth, I painted one in oils and donated the painting to the Durban
Undersea Club, a body of people who formed the core of the later Durban
Watersports Club. One trusts that the painting will never come to be amongst
the only remaining records of these beautiful creatures. The painting is at the
head of the present article.</span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Stranger than the coelacanth?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">While the
surprising and unusual coelacanth has substantial verified claims to reality within
the realms of science, some other discoveries in our coastal waters have
remained within the orbit of the bizarre and inexplicable … at least by usual
biological or palaeontological standards.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The so-called ‘Margate
monster’, encountered during 1922, is one such perplexing creature. T.V. Bulpin’s
1966 book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>Natal and the Zulu country</u>
</i>describes the incident<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. </i>In 1919,
Hugh Ballance purchased land on the coast that was later to become Margate town.
He divided the farm into properties for sale. With poor road and sea communications
and no publicity, sales were poor. By 1922, Ballance was desperate. Then, fate took
a hand.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He wrote to the
newspapers and told of a most astonishing event that had occurred of the coast
at Margate. He reported looking out to sea on 1 November 1922, to see two
whales locked in combat with a creature resembling a polar bear, but ‘of truly
mammoth proportions’. The battle raged no more than a kilometre from shore, and
ended with the retreat of the whales and the death of the other extraordinary
creature. It washed ashore at a place known as ‘Tragedy Hill’.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ballance records
the creature as forty feet (twelve metres) long, ten feet (three metres) wide
and five feet (one and a half metres) high. It was ‘clothed in snow-white hair
and seemed to be devoid of blood’. During the ten days that the decomposing
carcase lay on the beach, a span of thirty-two oxen could not shift it. A
spring tide then did so with embarrassing ease, sparing the world’s scientists
a fruitless journey to study the thing.</span></span></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It was no doubt a
dead whale whose carcase had rotted into a stringy mess of stinking flesh; but the
creature gave Margate much needed publicity, and a story that has endured
sufficiently long for me to repeat it here. Still, it is by such tales that our
precious natural heritage lingers in the minds of humanity.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Durban has recently
been designated a top spot for world tourists to visit. If you come in summer,
you’ll be able to bet on a particularly warm welcome. There is much to discover
for yourself.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-51854502235057352722015-01-29T03:21:00.002-08:002015-01-29T03:21:46.371-08:00Death of a black mamba; death of all life
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Death of a black mamba;
death of all life <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Many years ago, as
a lad of seventeen I spent school holidays working on a friend’s sugar cane
farm near Umzinto on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On a hot summer day while on the farm, I killed
a black mamba. It was a male, a little more than eight feet (2.4 metres) long.
The execution was done with a pellet gun, half-dozen pellets and a stick. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggb3YeBLGeB6czXCJEpgwnUUgqow0uqZ8sHowdSJnbJ6-_zZcJtQQm6KJl_6dD5b-uSziX-xyEB5haJIRXfDHPSpq3PH5wnAXTyhY8vf5fqKs5MrtNKy5haY9xA9U1YXgzfb84zIADwSgA/s1600/06-SAM_0056.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggb3YeBLGeB6czXCJEpgwnUUgqow0uqZ8sHowdSJnbJ6-_zZcJtQQm6KJl_6dD5b-uSziX-xyEB5haJIRXfDHPSpq3PH5wnAXTyhY8vf5fqKs5MrtNKy5haY9xA9U1YXgzfb84zIADwSgA/s1600/06-SAM_0056.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">At first, there was
the modest sense of triumph one might expect of a teenager, since I’d ensured
the safety of a number of people. But, later with the passing of years as I
engaged increasingly with wild creatures, I thought back to that mamba with only
a hollow feeling and enduring sense of regret. And the regret was tenacious and
pervasive. It was just one of many such feelings that can come with growing
maturity and change in outlook.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">One the day of the
encounter I was told that the tractor driver of the farm wanted to see me. It
was an urgent matter. He was sweating from exertion when he arrived, and his
words came in a rush. He’d just seen a huge black mamba coiled in an orange
tree next to the footpath from the farmhouse to the labourers’ quarters.
Although the snake probably wouldn’t be aggressive unless provoked, it was in
striking distance of anyone using the footpath. It must be killed.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I was perplexed
because neither the farm owner nor his mother was on the premises. Only they
had access to the double-barrel twelve-bore shotgun which was locked in a safe.
The cartridges were stored elsewhere.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;">Two
other workers appeared. “It’s a big mamba close to the road,” they said. “The children
go past that tree. What will you do? You must come now.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">I could think of no good
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>answer. The men persisted. The farmer
didn’t let me use the shotgun; nor was it available for my use even if I had
permission. It remained locked in the gun safe of the farmhouse. All I had was
the rusted BSA pellet gun, a small-bore rifle that was not a suitable weapon of
execution for so large a creature.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Still, the
pressures were mounting. I must do something. I took the gun and a few pellets
and approached the tree. The labourers were standing a respectable distance
away in an erratic ring of excited, gesticulating onlookers. With the gun
loaded, I approached the tree until I was a couple of metres from it, but could
not yet see the snake. There was an expectant hush. I edged closer.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">There, deep within
the orange tree I saw the first evidence of what I had to deal with. A thick coil
of dark grey tinged with a hint of brown and sporting a dull cream underbelly
showed where the snake was draped. My head was not a half-metre from it as I
tracked the sinuous body of the reptile. It was comprised of layer after layer
of coils. The scales were beautifully patterned in little regular rows, like
small shields melded together. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It looked enormous,
and I had visions of something spanning four metres. The reality eventually
proved more modest, but with a rampant imagination at work at the time, the
snake seemed huge. It was as thick as my wrist, perhaps thicker. The crowd fell
silent, waiting expectantly for action. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I pushed the muzzle
of the air rifle against the reptile until it was in direct contact, and fired.
The mamba didn’t flinch. I fired twice more, noting that the pellets had
entered cleanly. The snake began slowly to resettle itself. It was a remarkably
slight reaction because three pellets were now embedded. The mamba then slid
forward a hands-length. It paused again, staring out at me with its jet black,
mesmerising eye. There was no expression beyond the riveting intensity of the
stare. It seemed to ask why I was driving these sharp, wounding missiles into
it, but offered no threat at all. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I was making a hash
of the job, and wanted desperately to finish the mamba’s suffering. Only later
did I give any thought to the danger from a creature known for its virulent
neuro-toxic venom and fearsome reputation for speed and aggression, draped
through the foliage only a metre from my head. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After placing several pellets, I flushed the
reptile from the tree. The crowd scattered, leaping and scrambling away with
cries of alarm. The snake shot from the foliage on the far side of the tree and
slid swiftly to the ground in a long, fluid movement. Despite the pellets, it managed
to glide into a patch of rank grass where it lay concealed from view. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I followed.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Two African kitchen
staff arrived, carrying a heavy metal drive-shaft. We edged gingerly forward
until we could make out the body of the snake amidst the grass stems. With a heave
the men cast the metal rod onto it, pinning the snake and causing it to thrash
and flail as it tried to escape. After discarding the rifle I despatched the stricken
snake with a stick. We dug a shallow hole, dropped the mangled body into it and
covered it with earth.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The cruelty of its
death troubled me for years, yet I felt that I could not have left so venomous
creature in peace when it was frequenting a habitat close to the staff living
quarters. The larger snakes such as mambas no doubt came close to the farm
buildings because rats, which were their major food source, were attracted by
the grain stores. To leave the mamba in the vicinity could have led to an
accident. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The troubling
nature of the execution was deepened by several other encounters, during all of
which the snakes I came across showed no aggressive intent. They only wanted to
lie immobile as a camouflage, or else escape from the vicinity as quickly as
possible. Not one came at us. Although my brother and I caught several reptiles
for a Durban snake park, I never had cause to kill another snake.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On reflection, my
brief anecdote about the mamba illustrates a syndrome that has operated
continually throughout the world in recent times. It tells a microcosmic story
of the worldwide destruction of wild creatures. Wildlife has been annihilated almost
everywhere to make way for humankind as top predator. My home city of Durban, a
port, can provide a good example. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In the year 1824
after literate Western settlers arrived by sailing vessel, they described the lagoon
of Port Natal (Durban) as one of the most beautiful places in the world. There
were mangrove forests, thick coastal lowland forests, reed beds, grasslands and
scattered bush. Large and small game was everywhere, and the coastal seas were
swarming with fish. The seashore was well populated and the river estuaries
were thriving with an astonishing variety of life. Birdlife was plentiful. It
had been an Eden. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">And then, to these
shores came Western man with his technology. Elephant herds were decimated, and
buffalo, hippopotamus, the large carnivores, antelope beyond count, primates, reptiles
and so many of the other wild creatures woven into the bio-diverse population
of creatures were steadily annihilated for profit or sport. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Clearly, if we
humans were to live here and use the marvellous resources the lagoon offered as
a harbour, then the destruction of wild creatures was inevitable. How could the
history have been different? If we were to survive and proliferate, it could
not. We simply could not have continued to co-exist with the cornucopia of
wildlife as our numbers increased and our properties expanded. One or other
party had to give way. Inevitably it was the wild creatures that did so. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The question
inevitably arises: what of the future? Will the present world-wide destruction of
biodiversity continue unabated? Before I turn to that question, let me get back
to mambas. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I was recently
invited by herpetologist Jason Arnold, a noted snake-catcher living in Durban
North, to join him in a ‘snake-release’. He was often featured in the local
newspapers for his exploits in catching a variety of reptiles that had made
some domestic residence or other its home, to the dismay of the registered
human owners. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On this occasion,
Jason had six black mambas ready for release. Each snake was secure in a
spacious plastic container. There were adequate air inlets. A couple of
centimetres of fresh water had been poured in to ensure that each reptile was
well hydrated when it was released to explore its new home. They ranged in
length from a young female of a bit over two metres, to a large male of more
than two and a half metres. They were beautifully constructed creatures. Each
was sleek and muscular; each sported the characteristic jet-black mouth cavity,
a clean creamy-white belly and dark brown-grey back.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We drove for a
half-hour to get well clear of human habitation that surrounds Durban, and
found a remote spot along the inland Umgeni River Valley some kilometres from
human habitation. Free of buildings, it was a unique wild location ideal for
the release. Jason was well prepared for the job in hand, and efficient. He was
focused and measured in his movements, with no sense of bravado. I was
reassured. It was not a time and place for amateurs.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“I’ll get each one
out of its box, and then scan it to see if it’s a repeat offender. If it
already has a chip, I’ll know for sure. Finding a chip is unusual, but it
happens now and then. I like to keep a check on their movements,” he said.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Where do you catch
most of them?” I asked.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Outhouses,
garages, storerooms, sometimes in the main house.”</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Is it dangerous?”</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Not really. Not if
you’re careful. They just want to get away.”</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Have you been
bitten?”</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘‘A black mamba got
one fang into me, and that wasn’t too bad because there was almost no venom. I
think it was a mistake. As first choice, they’re not aggressive. They’d rather
get away. I’ve had a couple of bites from other snakes, but nothing serious. I
don’t take risks. Sometime, I think, people are unlucky. You know; really scaring
a snake, or blocking its way when it wants to get away. And, as I say, they
just want to get away. Sometimes when I’ve got them ready for release, they
crap simply because they’re so afraid.”</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Bhu0YVjHmxE-sCkcBavqsmOuEh4Ro9mGNfVTCkC3Vj3LclZ375NAqFjnFJ4A7oEDDQSHooa7pAU2SPnwn9TfPJKJDrUWTCHNPBdeMpHgH-KQupKpkOZjbgZB6pr8OaWGyY7jDD5pKsUE/s1600/04-SAM_0053.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Bhu0YVjHmxE-sCkcBavqsmOuEh4Ro9mGNfVTCkC3Vj3LclZ375NAqFjnFJ4A7oEDDQSHooa7pAU2SPnwn9TfPJKJDrUWTCHNPBdeMpHgH-KQupKpkOZjbgZB6pr8OaWGyY7jDD5pKsUE/s1600/04-SAM_0053.JPG" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In each case a
procedure was followed; first re-catching the snake, then scanning its neck for
an embedded chip, then searching for a good release site. This was usually a low
branch on one of the acacia thorn trees. The body of the snake was first draped
along a clump of branches or twigs until the reptile had a firm purchase, then
the head was released with a gentle flicking action of the wrist to get it pointed
away.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In every case, the
snake wriggled uncertainly for a moment to get balance in the foliage, then got
its bearings and settled down calmly. It first looked around to sight us, then
moved away a metre or two before pausing, draped immobile across a couple of
branches. There was no threat or aggression. The snakes all showed the gentle
grin that the jaws of a mamba usually show.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They seemed secure in their camouflage.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The images brought
back memories. I knew that the gentle, smiling look of a mamba holds the
promise of unspeakable horror.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After a while, most
of the snakes slid slowly through the foliage seeking denser vegetation, and
climbed further in the acacia trees to be well clear of the ground. They then
lay immobile for a time, apparently feeling secure in their natural habitat.
When we looked again in a few minutes, they had disappeared. It was time for
extra care on our part.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Once we had
released three of the snakes, we shifted our vehicle a hundred metres further
along the road to ensure that the next three releases were free of interruption
from those mambas already released. They could still be in the vicinity and
there was no need to tempt fate. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I’ve seen one or
two snake programmes on television, showing ‘experts’ engaging with snake
encounters. Sometimes this is focused around provoking the snake to get it to
show sustained aggression to which the presenter can react while showing
bravery. It’s understandable as a strategy to enhance viewer enjoyment, but my
preference is to watch a thorough professional who understands the usually
non-hostile nature of the snake and handles the situation accordingly. If
aggression needs to be shown, it should surely be kept in context and balance.
Aggression is not the usual behaviour and overdoing it is tasteless and
sometimes cruel.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">These creatures are
not malignant killers seeking out human victims to envenom. A human is, of
course, not a food source. Mambas live largely on small rodents or young rock
hyrax where these latter creatures have colonies. They immobilize them with
their virulent neuro-toxic venom. They simply want to get away from a larger
creature that they realise intrinsically is a threat with the means to do them
serious harm.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzkeP4oQgRZfmctyrc2B6dqthohnARHZeXw79O6DR8uQBRWJqOHMp9dIzsgpyJZiDiGXcb8JDtrIyStv6IQl6Tk8EygGB2HmEAmGKbgD_X0rHoty-Chv2_sjw92soueJcb0A5ySUHhfSxp/s1600/26-DSC02477.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzkeP4oQgRZfmctyrc2B6dqthohnARHZeXw79O6DR8uQBRWJqOHMp9dIzsgpyJZiDiGXcb8JDtrIyStv6IQl6Tk8EygGB2HmEAmGKbgD_X0rHoty-Chv2_sjw92soueJcb0A5ySUHhfSxp/s1600/26-DSC02477.JPG" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Nevertheless, all
snakes with highly toxic venom must be treated with deep respect. This is especially
true if one encounters them in a confined space. One runs a serious risk if one
behaves casually or carelessly in their immediate proximity, or misreads a
situation. It’s best to retreat to a safe distance. There’s also always the
possibility of simply being unlucky. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As with so many
other beautiful creatures, mambas are by default identified as aggressive
creatures posing an immediate threat, and are being killed systematically. The
best protection these and other living creatures can have is to be provided
with as much natural environment as can be afforded in the present climate of
exploding human populations. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Indeed, the growth
of human populations in most countries needs urgent stabilization or reduction.
Surely we need to have fewer children and to devote more resources to each
child? Obviously, in doing so we will have to confront enduring and pervasive,
primeval instincts embedded deep within our consciousness. But now, has the
time not come when we must confront overpopulation seriously? With climate
change, it is the most difficult problem we humans face. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our very survival as a species depends on finding
solutions..</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We must give more
resources back to the wild wherever we can, and must think more compassionately
about the creatures that share our planet as we learn to empathize more. We
need to re-establish biodiversity as best possible. We need to engage with the
big picture beyond our personal concerns. And we must do this urgently at a
particularly difficult period in our history as a species.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We also have a
critical disadvantage no other species has; we are intelligent enough to
destroy our own species totally and completely, but without sufficient empathy
to prevent the catastrophe from happening. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I’ve written far
more comprehensively in <u>Adventures with African Animals</u>, obtained for a
few dollars from Amazon as well as Createspace (hardcopy) under Alex Coutts.
They are displayed on www.alexeducational.co.za</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-15770005656411698892015-01-17T23:19:00.001-08:002015-01-17T23:19:49.390-08:00The mind of a stone age artist<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: large;">The mind of a stone age artist<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">An elephant-shaman<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Look at the ‘painting of a painting’ at the head of this
piece of writing. <span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Look
especially at the </span>main focus, an elephant-shaman figure. It was painted
by a man or woman one might describe with superiority as a ‘late stone-age’
being. One thinks of a primitive ‘cave-man’. But clearly, the artist was no
shambling idiot. They were perceptive, intelligent and creative. How did they
think?</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge6IRqnw8IIpujcsHW1tKlYjnHLIYpifAaJ40-rteUHt2v1lcaXrQ3cPS6KR0idX0avz1L9aqnB9ZDFRIFQejGMJNUmHlGMImP6E-D5OJp2LR7-ajondyKkapoeStfZlDn872NotixB2Pq/s1600/1-EBUSINGATA,+IMAGINATION+OF+THE+SAN.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge6IRqnw8IIpujcsHW1tKlYjnHLIYpifAaJ40-rteUHt2v1lcaXrQ3cPS6KR0idX0avz1L9aqnB9ZDFRIFQejGMJNUmHlGMImP6E-D5OJp2LR7-ajondyKkapoeStfZlDn872NotixB2Pq/s1600/1-EBUSINGATA,+IMAGINATION+OF+THE+SAN.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ebusingatha Elephant-Shaman</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span id="goog_1761406986"></span><span id="goog_1761406987"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Exploring the mind of a stone-age artist is not the easiest
excursion one might make. For a start, one has to shed the stereotype of the
person as an uncouth, grunting creature with a brain ruled only by instinct.
These were people as fully human as we modern, ‘sapient’ humans are. They might
have differed in physical size, but barely at all in cognition. Perhaps they
were a tinge more imaginative. Their incredible mythology bears witness to
that.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Now study the main figure of an elephant-shaman in
conjunction with the swarm of bees. Of the picture you’re looking at, these two
images are all that the San (Bushmen) painted. The rest of the images,
including the small, high-set cave with beehive and vulture droppings as well
as the two human figures on a floating sandstone platform, were painted by the
writer as a surrealist work to more completely explore and define the mythical
world of the artist. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The original<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The original rock painting was done perhaps two hundred
years ago on an overhang (cave) wall at Ebusingata, a few kilometres south of
Royal Natal National Park in the northern sector of the Natal Drakensberg
Mountains of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. And that original is a masterpiece of
technical skill and imagination. It also provides a brilliant historical
record.</span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMtepwIC5V4XgKfVoKq7zHn-QaWxHkhzOMsqEko-daISXR56UCc3wpPBNF_mTRUJQ021oYBt0vGbqbK_pXRgtNrm4MbPk3AGg0AvVJOFYOSAmhfailg8b2uSrQaEBnQmR61EwLorsMiJk8/s1600/DSC00161.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The original composition includes the large figure of a
shaman bedecked with white paint and equipped with hunting equipment. He is probably
in a state of trance, bent on extracting honey from a small cave in a rock-face
crack high up to his right. The bees and their honey were associated with a
high degree of potency (religious empowerment).</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The modern artist has shown the yellow of the honeycombs of
the wild African bees, to indicate the origin of the swarm and provide further
context to the lively movements of the figure as focal point. A smear of
vulture droppings also shows up white on the ledge of the cave to explain the
action further. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Elephant man and the
bees<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The shaman, naked but replete with bow and arrows, has
transformed mentally into an elephant, in the belief that the tough hide of
that great beast will protect him from the bee stings. One can see the angry
swarm diving and dashing in frenzy around him, but the man-beast
(therianthrope) is focused and unperturbed as he strides towards the cave. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Since bees were thought by the San to have great potency, each
bee can be seen as a symbol of the power that could be brought to the San
shaman by encountering them in their agitated state. Filled with potency by
Cagn, the great creator-god, the bees will enter the shaman’s body to travel
through his gut and up the spine, to exit at the back of the neck or top of the
head. The comprehensive empowerment then enjoyed by the shaman will enable him
commune with Cagn during the trance dance, heal the sick, make rain, paint with
sensitivity and perhaps be successful in the next hunt.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The shaman figure as
art<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
therianthropic figure is full of action, powerful and determination, set on a
successful encounter with Cagn’s great potency. He is striding forward
unflinchingly to the encounter, his limbs and body transformed to that of a great
elephantine beast <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The penis is
infibulated to show his purpose untroubled by any sexual distractions. The San
artist has in effect described a shaman in a state of trance, his imagination
perfervid and roaming free of critical cortical control. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The mind that painted
it<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The minds of the San appear to have been modern in every
sense, although during their history they suffered denigration and ridicule
even from other indigenous groups because of their simple lifestyle. The fact
that they were hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists or pastoralists with a
sense of property ownership set them apart. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">They were outlawed everywhere, and driven to extinction in
the Drakensberg (Dragon Mountains) by genocide. On the other hand they
possessed incredibly creative imaginations that developed a library of myths to
explain their experience and experiences, and the capacity to transform their
thoughts into commendably enduring works of art. Their creative thinking is
very clear from the painting.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Critical thinking<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Their development of effective poisons, oil-based paints of
various colours, hunting instruments, clothing suitable for bitterly cold
winter conditions and artwork of imagination reveals a capacity for rational,
critical analysis and the use of hypotheses. This implies putting forward
tentative solutions to problems, and then testing them to find successful patterns.
Their record of thriving in montane and desert environments supports the
contention.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Their language sounds peculiar to our ears; based on four or
so sucking clicks and explosive pops! Peculiar, yes indeed; yet their sparse
speech was adequate to their needs. Their sense of sight was marvellous, no
doubt honed by their vocation as hunters, and their hearing was also acute.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">They excelled us ‘modern people’, with our disposable
society, in preserving their environment and not fouling the nest. That is something
we who discard things so easily have not yet learnt. They held living things in
high esteem, and celebrated and atoned to the creator-being each time they
killed a large creature to satisfy their needs. They accorded to nature
incredible powers, and tended to credit natural phenomena with human capacities
and propensities.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Their womenfolk knew the characteristics and uses of a very
wide range of plants, and could predict the seasons when each plant’s roots,
fruit, berries or shoots would be available and most crucial to survival. That
implies systematic as well as systemic thinking. The women were most astute in
rain-making, since they brought the soft, soaking she-rain and not the
thunderstorms that would rend the earth and destroy vegetation with its
masculine aggression.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Creative thinking<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Their great library of mythical stories show the extent of
their creative talents. They have stories dealing with creation, great hunts, encounters
with cannibals, the characteristics of wild creatures and much more. They had great
skill in imitating a wide variety of wild creatures by use of gestures and
posturing, and often inserted humour into their displays. These were learning experiences
for the young, who would acquire gathering skills from their mothers; and if
they were male, hunting skills from the men. A rudimentary education system was
in place.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The two human figures<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The two San (Bushmen) at lower right are not a part of the
original painting, but are human images painted by the artist to give greater
commentary, definition and explanation to this surrealist artwork. They are the
two compatriots of the shaman whose minds also engage with the elephant image to
gain protection in their quest for honey. The hive is no doubt their
possession, having been in their family for years. The thong and stick ladder
was perhaps fixed to the rock face a century before, and would be maintained from
time to time. It is probable that the hunters would make a fire on their imaginary
platform of rock to smoke the bees away from the site.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Visualisation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Many great thinkers of the Western and eastern scientific
traditions used images, diagrams and other forms of visualisation as a cognitive
strategy to clarify their scientific ideas. The San did the same. Their oil
paintings show complex hunts, healing scenarios, battles, trance dances,
attacks by wild beasts, securing a rain-making creature, cattle raids, and home
life. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">They are a startling testimony to the depth of intelligence
of these diminutive people who suffered genocide and death from farmers and
pastoralists who had lost stock from San cattle and horse raids. The San had no
concept of property ownership such as that prevalent in most cultures in the
world. They suffered heavily for that deficit within their conceptual libraries.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">They also suffered genetic dilution through intermarriage
with African tribes until a little more than a hundred years ago, when genetically
’pure’ San disappeared from the history of Natal.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">More on the contemporary
contribution<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The circular shape of the central rock wall in the picture is
a device to keep the viewer’s eyes from wandering out of the picture. Reds and
yellows serve to accentuate the focal points, and edges are a little sharper
near focal points to give them further emphasis.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The painting was blocked in initially with a quite thin mix
of oil paint and turps to provide a warm tonal under-painting. Darks were
subjected to some glazing, and the paint was scumbled in to accentuate the
lights. Sandstone is subject to weathering, and one had to be careful not to
sharpen edges too much because that would give an unnatural flint-like
sharpness that sandstone doesn’t have when well weathered.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Child of the Dragon
Mountains<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The book <u>Child of the Dragon Mountains</u> tells the
story of the San rock artists, hunters, shamans, healers, rainmakers, in the
form of a novel. It is based on forty years of research in the Drakensberg
Mountains and is an authentic view of the fascinating lives of these diminutive
people. The suffered genocide over more than a century, and had disappeared
from their range in the montane regions of Natal by about 1900. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It is accessible on </span><a href="http://www.alexeducational.co.za/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial;">www.alexeducational.co.za</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"> and back through
the linked blogsite </span><a href="http://www.alexstoriesandart.blogspot.com/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial;">www.alexstoriesandart.blogspot.com</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #0070c0;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">The book is available on Createspace
in hard copy, and also Amazon Kindle in digital form.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You might prefer
to just look at the fifty oil paintings or check out a blog that interests you.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-34600647772391119432015-01-10T22:14:00.000-08:002015-01-10T22:14:52.940-08:00Transform schooling in South Africa<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Transform schooling in South Africa<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Shadows of the past<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The school matriculation results for 2014 show a lower pass
rate for KwaZulu-Natal province than in the previous year. Political
administrators have taken a measure of responsibility (Mercury, 7 January
2015), a commendable action on their part. They have also quite correctly
pointed to poor teacher performance as a major causal factor, attributing it
not only to poor training, but to weak subject knowledge and even laziness. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">There’s little point in becoming obsessed by these
indicators, since they are primarily reflective of the fortunes of the millions
of pupils and students moving through the system of twelve years of schooling,
rather than just those writing matriculation. If one is to understand the poor
performance of many learners, one needs to focus on their experiences during
the earlier years of schooling. And one needs to maintain balance; many
learners not in the firing-line have done very well indeed.</span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQhNiMCOac61OosGjL3X6KhMGtIzpXSKEYcVTSqk-T_U4BRLDmqKw0E5VYK5qMY8cMDlZ1JaiEacyR-4GMQ2fLZG1Emdsd3fbyVMvgWQWR5S4TtuKgOgO2OoYbLFdYOPbicXIh2t0YO3Va/s1600/2010-01-03+17.30.55.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQhNiMCOac61OosGjL3X6KhMGtIzpXSKEYcVTSqk-T_U4BRLDmqKw0E5VYK5qMY8cMDlZ1JaiEacyR-4GMQ2fLZG1Emdsd3fbyVMvgWQWR5S4TtuKgOgO2OoYbLFdYOPbicXIh2t0YO3Va/s1600/2010-01-03+17.30.55.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Many have done very well indeed.<br />
End of a journey; start of another. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Of the total number of pupils who entered schooling more
than a decade ago, only about one-quarter finally ‘passed’ their formal
education with a satisfactory result. Many fell out along the way, and a few
failed at the final hurdle. In some cases they were hampered by persistently
large classes and the non-delivery or late delivery of text books. Some were
not allowed progression at a late senior secondary stage, to prevent their
failures from being added to the final statistic. When one takes the initial
entry numbers of those coming into the system into account, the overall result
is dismal.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It is common knowledge that much exam-coaching of students
is done in the higher levels, which with the production of exam model answers results
in slightly elevated pass rates but poor educational experiences. Exam papers
are sometimes sold, and cheating is apparently rife, with 5300 students currently
subject to investigation (Mercury, 09 January 2015). The reasons for failure are
complex, made up of a great many factors. The aetiology behind an inadequate schooling
system and the actual, limited educational experiences derived from it by many
pupils is more complex still.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The root cause<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">From the early days of the apartheid era when the differential
of spending was decided on racial grounds (R16 per white child, R1 per African
child in 1971) to the present day, the rot has gnawed away steadily. The weaknesses
in our education system are a compound of many factors, but in the modern day a
lack of sufficiently deeply committed, well-trained and creative professional
teachers remains the root cause. One reads statements to this effect in the
front-page article of the Mercury of 7 January 2015. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">One gets the feeling that some within the teacher corps simply
do not understand the level of commitment and hard grind required by the
profession. Unions do not seem willing to intervene. The slogan still seems to
be the old historical one of ‘rights before service’.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Talk and chalk methodologies have prevailed throughout the
history of education in South Africa, in which teacher-centred instructional
methods were widely prevalent, supported by a standardised textbook. Content-dissemination
and memorisation were prevalent methodologies, with little thought given in
many schools to creativity and innovatory thinking.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">CORDTEK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I served on the staff of the Edgewood College of Education
in Pinetown, a suburb of Durban, for over twenty years. I was Deputy Rector for
the last few years of service, and was therefore deeply implicated in training
thousands of teachers over two decades. Our Rector, Professor Andre le Roux liaised
with more than a hundred institutions for training, via CORDTEK (Committee of Rectors
and Deans for Teacher Education KwaZulu-Natal). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Senior staff committed to working together in the
‘New South Africa’ then emerging, to maintain and even enhance standards by open-minded
collaboration and the sharing of facilities. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">In the New South Africa that emerged in 1994, such projects
as CORDTEK were however rejected by the new incumbents. Thereafter, many highly
competent professional administrators, lecturers and teachers retired of their
own volition or were encouraged to retire, thus losing a great deal of
accumulated wisdom and experience. </span></div>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Seeking a way forward<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I personally welcomed the New South Africa and during the
ten years prior to the political changes of 1994 undertook research on
multi-cultural, non-racial education and gave numerous public addresses in KwaZulu-Natal
and Gauteng. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The research was a D.Phil. study titled <u>An exploratory
study of the South African New Era Schools Trust</u>. A four-year longitudinal
study, it was completed in 1989 through the University of Natal (now University
of KwaZulu-Natal). </span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I analysed the possible pathways of transition to a
non-racial dispensation, encouraged privileged institutions to accept the
process in a positive way and urged an open-hearted, collaborative effort. </span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">During our staffroom discussions in the 1980s and early
1990s, the view was expressed that it could take thirty years or more for South
Africa to move beyond the apartheid legacy. This implied attempting to construct
or upgrade adequate school buildings and other facilities, develop multi-cultural
curricula, re-organise disparate systems and their administrations, integrate
teacher education institutions, alter mindsets as best possible, reduce class
sizes and enhance examination procedures.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A lingering cost of the
struggle<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">During the College’s practical teaching programmes, for
which I was responsible as Deputy Rector, I liaised with three hundred school
principals and visited many primary and secondary schools. I noted how the
prevailing disillusion with highly discriminatory apartheid education had for
years been channelled into resistance to the system, often activated as a
go-slow on the part of educators. It was an understandable reaction, yet at the
heart of it lay future disaster for South Africa.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">In many schools, very little education was taking place. The
liberation ends were seen to justify the means. Some principals who tried to
raise their school’s standards and provide sound leadership were threatened,
and office windows were smashed and the buildings even set on fire. With their
lives at risk, it was understandable that most teachers accepted the status
quo; thus setting a pattern for the future. As far as I could make out, many parents
were prepared to accept the situation since they too, would ultimately benefit
from political change.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I had for long recognised the political ends (a non-racial
schooling system) as necessary and commendable, but was wary of the destructive
means used to achieve those ends. Teachers were vulnerable to settling into a comfortable
pattern of minimalist teaching that would not be suited to the transformed and
vigorous society South Africa required. Training colleges were not immune; and
there, too, resistance at all costs was the watchword. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I believe that the pattern set in those years has persisted
to the present day. Apartheid during the seventies and eighties was successful
in teaching people how to resist through withholding their labour. It seems to
have continued to the present time, although formal apartheid is long gone. And
all the while, few civil servants have given serious thought for the children
who were caught in the middle of the fracas; their needs became secondary or
lost sight of. Indeed, apartheid has much to answer for, but so has the lethargy
and occasional arrogance that superseded it.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Since those years my wife and I, who have no children of our
own, have seen to the education of numerous young Zulu boys and girls. It
became our alternative commitment. All are now adults to whom we gave a home,
financed as best possible, motivated and guided during their years of
education. Several are now qualified with diplomas or degrees. The experience,
not yet concluded, has given us insights into many aspects of current
education. My wife retired from a secondary school principal post a few years
back, so our insights have remained current.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">After the advent of a ‘new’ South Africa, the ‘new brooms’ in
formal state education got busy; quite possibly too busy. Some of the remaining
most competent teachers left or were ousted by officialdom making their lives
unbearable. Many in-service courses dwelt on the historical past rather than
the promising future. And, they brought in ill-conceived changes without
sufficient preparation of those who would implement the system. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Outcomes Based
Education<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Outcomes Based Education was a monumental, sweeping curriculum
change rather than simply a reformulation of syllabi requiring upgrades. It was
developed during the 1990s and expanded with the New Millennium. It relied on
assessment statements that forced convergence of thought on a single, clearly defined
answer as means to avoid discrimination between races, cultures and classes. In
practice, creative answers were often seen as controversial because they sometimes
deviated from the official statement of outcome. One either knew the answer or
didn’t. For teachers with a lively imagination, their profession became a
highly-regulated, debilitating endeavour.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">My wife and I visited New Zealand in 2005 for a principals’
conference, and I arranged an interview with senior officials in the capital Wellington.
I heard many cautions about outcomes based education, including pointers about
the increased administrative burden it brought, entrenchment of linear,
convergent thinking, and much more. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Despite the caveats, this became the new great way forward, with
a tendency to relapse into monumental administrative overload. Only the
end-product of a section within a syllabus was widely seen to have value, and
methods of teaching and learning lapsed in importance. The route to the end product
was of little consequence, as long as it could be classified under banal labels
such as ‘practical’, ‘knowledge’ or ‘question and answer’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">As the familiar teacher-centred approaches of the past were
rejected in favour of radical new freedoms for the learners, confusion reigned
and there was loss of discipline in many schools. The transformation was too
rapid, confusing and bluntly implemented. Teacher morale took a pounding.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The fundamental literacies of languages and number
deteriorated further to become matters of secondary importance. Yet these critical,
symbolic domains of learning still inevitably constituted the means by which
all other meanings of the ‘empirics’, ‘aesthetics’, and synoptic ‘subjects’
were conveyed. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A confusion of policies<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Teachers already struggling with quite simple teaching methods
in the midst of harsh conditions were overwhelmed by the constant shift in a
confusion of policies and requirements as these evolved, transformed and sometimes
disappeared without trace. Since for six years I offered training within the
SETA system, I became aware that in the early stages the officials
administering the system were often far less informed about its nuances that we
who were already widely experienced educators. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Now, in the second decade of the new millennium, the government
is trying to rectify matters through the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement
(CAPS). This document could remedy some of the more obvious deficiencies of the
past, but it has brought yet another set of requirements to be negotiated,
digested and implemented by teachers. The sometimes weak 2014 results are blamed
partly on CAPS. It is fingered as something imposed without adequate
preparation. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">One longs for a time when the National Education Departments
will have approved, settled curricula, with syllabi within it nuanced and
modified only as is necessary. That would avoid the morale-destroying massive
curricular revolutions that make teachers feel that everything done before was
a mistake and waste of time.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Edgewood<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Typically, we who served at Edgewood were committed
professionals who made their vocation a central part of their lives. But
however we express it, we tended to be shielded from the most debilitating experiences.
</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">To lecture and teach was a rare privilege, something to be
nurtured, nourished and valued beyond most other things in life. We were there
to serve the children of this country, not ourselves. And many of us worked
steadily towards a non-racial society free of prejudice. For a few of us, salaries
were things you received at the end of the month with gratitude, because such
an astonishingly special profession went with it. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">But we, and many other educationists working ceaselessly in
privileged environments were not heroes; just professionals doing a reasonable
job. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The real heroes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">To put things in perspective, more worthy than any of us at
Edgewood are the teachers who served truly impoverished communities with
commitment and resolve, under the difficult conditions brought about by
apartheid. Some endured unmotivated and faltering leadership, others worked in
decrepit crumbling buildings. Yet others suffered from the generational
transmission of illiteracy from poverty-stricken parents with no resources to
offer their children, while others interacted with parents who had no interest
whatsoever in their offspring’s education. The teachers who wrestled in the
front line with these problems and never gave up are the real heroes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Deep-seated flaws<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">In thinking through some of the errors of the past, we need
to engage with systemic (and systematic) thinking, especially with some of the
so-called ‘archetypes’ or fatal flaws that have dogged the emerging structure.
As pointed out, many can be traced back to the burst of euphoria and emotion,
not rationality that emerged after 1994.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Negative perceptions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It is clear from the plethora of articles, reports, and
anecdotes that have emerged during the past couple of decades that there were,
and still are, many in service within education who remain a source of shame to
their colleagues. Many are apparently comfortable with an existence in which
they remain uncommitted, lazy, unimaginative and poorly trained. Some are
content with their now comparatively indulged and protected lives. Indeed, these
factors have been identified and stated publicly by senior officials within a
week of the time of writing.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Although it is understandable that some might relapse into
unproductive comfort, in a sense it is a betrayal of trust in a country that
has come a long way towards an equalisation of educational opportunity. The
syndrome has been destructive of our nation’s most precious possession, our
youth. The 2005 Human Sciences Research Council report <u>Educator workload in South
Africa</u> (Chisholm, L., et al.) paints a picture of teachers’ effort tailing
off during the working week, with some teachers only spending 46% of their time
actually teaching, and some as low as 10%. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Other time is given to administration, union meetings, and
so on. In some schools, one understands, unprofessional behaviour has been
identified by education authorities. Currently, cheating has held back the
dissemination of results, with 58 matriculation exam centres indicted in
KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. At the time of writing, 5 300 matriculants
(1% of candidates) were being investigated for cheating (Mercury, 9 January).
Government is to be commended for investigating and declaring the figures so
openly.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">We have seen a drop in pass rates of the 2014 matriculants
for mathematics, science and second language. There are especially dismal performances
in some cases, with the products of the formal state education system in South
Africa rated low in Africa and the World. Teacher absenteeism and general
non-commitment to the bigger vision is sometimes blamed (Mail and Guardian, 8
July 2011). Where, then, is the much-vaunted ‘ubuntu’ towards our youth?’</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Teacher training<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Teacher training has also been fraught with difficulties. A
great loss of teachers to the system occurred in the early years, when many
left after the installation of a new government in 1994 brought perceptions of
‘reverse’ racial discrimination and stalled careers. Since that time there have
been periods when far more teachers have left the profession than entered it.
The integration of colleges of education and teacher training colleges into
universities has also, arguably, lowered the standard of teaching, as the
unique focus on education and teaching rather than content knowledge was lost
by this move. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The way forward</span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The following suggestions are made in an effort to move a faltering
system forward.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Principals.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Give sound, informed, committed, ethical
and inspiring leadership, with the pupils and their parents placed centrally
before any other considerations. Principals need to confer on the concept of
professionalism and then lead the way in demonstrating it in practice. Your
role is too crucial to the success of our country. There can be no Plan B.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Teachers</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Re-commit to professionalism, with the
pupils and students at the centre of your professional lives. Being
professional implies valuing one’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knowledge
and experience, focusing on service before self-interest, following a
meaningful Code of Conduct, building on initial training by pursuing one’s <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>own scheme of further service training, and
submitting to moderation by a professional council of peers. One might also pursue
lifelong learning and a course in cognitive enhancement.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">If a teacher has the capacity, they might retrain
for the critical subjects the country needs, such as mathematics, sciences and
language of the economy.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">4.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">All educators must display professional conduct in
the discharge of their duties. They must at least: </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have a commitment that pursues service and not a
comfortable existence.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Be punctual.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Master the curriculum components, or syllabi,
that they must teach.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prepare and teach a range of lessons, including approaches
that depend on at least learner-centred question and answer and discussion, the
use of group work and individual assignments, as applicable.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Treat children with absolute propriety and
respect, while ensuring a disciplined environment.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Simplify their administration yet maintain
quality, and make basic teaching the priority.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Follow one’s individual conscience rather than
the crowd.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Evaluate and assess learners’ work systematically
and meticulously.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">5.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Teacher Unions </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Unions should support and indeed lead a
move to promote teaching as a full-blooded profession in which service to the
pupils and their parents is given equal weight to concerns with salaries and service
conditions. Expressed differently, union officials need to see the promotion of
teachers’ duties and responsibilities as equal in importance to the support for
teacher rights.</span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">6.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Business should have a far more powerful say in
education, giving government a lead as to what attributes and skills are
required for success in industry and business, from time to time. Business
should be cultivated as an ally of government in the fight for a sound
education system, and not a hindrance or even oppositional force.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">7.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Every student in South African schools should at
some time engage with a course in entrepreneurship, including how to run a
small business and how to fit into a variety of enterprises. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">8.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">A system should be put into place to hold
teachers accountable for their personal performance. In fact, if all government
officials had to place their children in state schools, it would hold them more
accountable too.</span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">9.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Greater devolution of authority should be
permitted. There is as much intelligence nestled in peripheral areas as there
is at the centre; and there could be more creative thinking and positive
ownership besides.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A
better future<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I remain intensely interested in education
in South Africa, hence the disappointment inherent in this piece of writing. I
will not accept that, while we have made enormous strides in developing a
non-racial system (a desperately difficult task in the presence of so many
contested political interests), we have regressed or at least shown little
progress in some core areas. I expected better. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Were my wife’s and my long careers in
education wasted? No. And there is no bitterness. Through teaching, my wife and
I have left useful ideas with numerous school and college students as well as
our Zulu family. Tens of thousands of other committed educators and
educationists of all races have done the same; and no doubt done it far better
than we.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Correcting matters is a national endeavour. Or
else, we sink as a nation. Effective teaching is the core requirement of the
entire educational edifice. All else is subservient to it. The teachers of this
country hold the future in their hands. It’s time they began to lead the way to
a better future for all South Africans. But they needs the tools and support to
do it.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-25718636180687645022015-01-03T06:45:00.003-08:002015-01-03T06:51:17.004-08:00Saved From the Charge of a Black Rhino <br />
<h2 style="margin: 10pt 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Saved From the Charge of a Black Rhino <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Many years ago, accompanied by a friend I visited the Ndumo
Game Reserve in North-East Zululand to study the magnificent birdlife, and also
look for ubejane, the irritable and dangerous black rhinoceros as well as the
beautiful nyala antelope. Peter Jacobs and I spent a day on foot with a
knowledgeable Zulu guide I recall as Sipho... and found our rhino. </span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6h1vrrLei-IjggKOQxqbzfWFWZJ5tdgI1mhAaL8WNvRAt9KVXNta_RkbQF77oU34WHhjaS11U8n4rpYf2iiNEGcgNkdqyNKaeuEGGp_LXdzzVyb5yOQFVNkIOckNj_MlaPOQcb6eqFcmo/s1600/53-Black+rhino.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6h1vrrLei-IjggKOQxqbzfWFWZJ5tdgI1mhAaL8WNvRAt9KVXNta_RkbQF77oU34WHhjaS11U8n4rpYf2iiNEGcgNkdqyNKaeuEGGp_LXdzzVyb5yOQFVNkIOckNj_MlaPOQcb6eqFcmo/s1600/53-Black+rhino.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
The Magnificent Black Rhino</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">While on the hike, we entered a vast plain of short dry
grass, with a little scattered scrub along the edges and a single, stately
acacia tortilis (umbrella thorn) tree standing in lonely isolation in the
midst. The three members of our party hesitated at the edge of the grassy
plain, and then made a way forward in single file towards the lone tree. The
broad expanse of short grass around it was devoid of other cover. When we were
about half way across the open ground, walking towards the tree, Sipho called
to us:</span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">"Stop!" he whispered, jerking his hand up in a sharp,
urgent jab. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">"What is it?" I asked.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">"Thula. Don't talk," whispered Sipho. "uBhejane.
Black rhino." He gestured with two fingers for us to look beyond the tree.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">From a small patch of thorn scrub on the other side of the
plain a heavy, dark grey bulk had appeared, ambling towards the thorn tree to
which we were headed. The beast hadn't seen us, but it had its head up testing
the breeze for scent. One could see the sharp prehensile upper lip that
identified the creature as a browser. It was a hundred metres from the tree. We
were thirty metres short. We stood and waited for a few seconds, but the rhino
came on steadily, testing the air. He looked huge.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">"What must we do?" Peter mused. "Should we go
towards the tree?” </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"Yes. Run to the
tree,” said Sipho, using a mixture of Zulu and broken English. “Don’t go back.
No cover. It's a black rhino. It is the grumpy vicious one. It can move very
fast." Then he added encouragingly. “He will kill you if he catches you.”</span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Looking behind us
for shelter and realizing how vulnerable we were, we didn't wait for further
advice. We made a rush for the thorn tree, towards the rhino that had slowed to
halt on the other side. It was now about sixty metres away from the tree. Sensing
the movement and now having our scent from a shift in the wind, the massive
beast raised its tail and began to trot and then gallop towards us, with a
heavy, lurching action that showed its enormous power and weight. It snorted
and belched and farted as it came.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We sprinted. Husain
Bolt would have been proud of us. Gasping from the exertion and sweating profusely, we gained the
shelter of the tree, and the rhinoceros drew up some lengths short, testing the
wind again and making thrusting motions with its horn. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Peter and I
scrambled up the single trunk onto the three thick branches closest to the
ground, and then went higher to where the long white thorns penetrated our shirts
and furrowed our shoulders and necks in the canopy. Sipho climbed quite calmly
onto a lower limb and stood there about two metres from the ground. He declined
to join us higher up.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We tried vainly to
seat ourselves in more comfort about three metres off the ground , making the
quite thin branches we were seated on sway wildly and threatening to tear the
base from the trunk with our combined weight. Inquisitive now, the rhino
lumbered up to within a short distance of the tree and then walked forward to
stand in its sparse shade, swinging its head from side to side. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It rubbed its hide briefly
against a part of the tree trunk where constant use as a rubbing post had worn
the bark red and raw. It was clearly agitated by our intrusion, but its weak
eyes couldn’t make out our whereabouts. We looked down and saw the bloated
purple ticks that troubled the rhino's hide. The muscles bunched over the neck and
shoulders were massive. It impressed us as an enormous, powerful and strangely
beautiful creature.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“How can anyone
want to kill these remarkable things?” I wondered.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We were silent at
first, and then Peter started to giggle at our plight. His mirth was soon
amplified by my own. The tree swayed wildly as we choked back our laughter,
disturbing the rhino and sending it off. It wheeled away from the tree and ran
a few paces with its tail up, droppings emerging from its rear like little
bombs as it went.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually we dared to
climb to the ground, while the rhino stood watching the tree from the length of
a football field away, for a quarter of an hour. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">"We call him ‘ubejane',
the vicious one," said Siyabonga once more, thus assuring a stay close to
the tree. A movement from one of us was seen by the rhino. It swung back again
to face directly towards us and advanced with purposeful steps, its weak eyes
once more sensing movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="Normalfistparagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We went up the tree
again, carefully avoiding the thorns higher up, and deciding how best to end the
stand-off. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After some time the rhino lost
interest, swung around and jogged away out of sight. We came down again, to sit
on the ground and tend our scratches and punctures.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Now, fifty years after my first encounter with rhino, these magnificent beasts are threatened with extinction
as many significant players look on helplessly or with disdain. Many who might
help are consumed by their own problems, while voracious and brutal syndicates
in Southern Africa and the Far East refine their tactics to generate wealth out
of the distress of these great beasts. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Others simply look on with ignorance at what is happening,
little concerned at the impoverishment of their own and other people’s children
who in future might have to look at books or stale videos showing the animals. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">A few committed and brave people are in the firing line, trying
with limited resources to save the remaining rhinos. Armed guards, aerial surveillance,
fences, dehorning or poisoning of horns, improved legal procedures will all help,
but finally it is probably the education of consumer populations in the Far East
that will bring an end to the slaughter. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Soon, unless more action is taken, we will have few of these
great creatures left to remind us of their massive, dignified presence.<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-21492390938390755722014-12-30T22:27:00.000-08:002015-01-03T05:18:20.646-08:00Community Empowerment Through Enhanced Literacy<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Community Empowerment Through Enhanced Literacy</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<br />
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Introduction</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></strong><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For some
years an adult literacy programme called Masifundisane (Zulu: ‘teach one; teach
all’, or ‘teach each other.’) operated in KwaZulu-Natal under the provincial
Department of Education. It was directed by Mrs Cynthia Mpati.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It
incorporated thousands of people. And while it operated it held out great hope
for the most impoverished to better their lives and achieve dignity. Many of the
elderly people who engaged with it had seen their opportunities for a sound
education evaporate during the apartheid era. The programme set out to redress
these discriminations. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The present report is intended to place on record a simple overview of the project. In the writer's view it was a brilliant enterprise, worthy of emulation in part or whole elsewhere in many parts of the world.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The present report was compiled as a result of the writer's participation in the work of a company rendering services to the organisers. These included the planning and introduction of innovations, training, cognitive enhancement of co-ordinators, liaison with outside resources and technical services. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The methodology for gaining information included direct experience of the project, observation, interviews with senior personnel and field officers, formal meetings and documentary study.</span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><strong>Planned community involvement</strong></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><strong></strong></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
approach was planned in such a way that it was driven by impoverished local communities
themselves. It did not depend largely on 'external resources' because these agencies might
not adequately address community needs. The originators did not wish to impose
a process from the “top” down, and therefore mounted a democratic initiative that
would grow upwards from the grassroots community level. For years it succeeded
admirably. Therefore, while modifications and adaptations might be needed here or there, it has great relevance to many parts of the world where
deep-seated poverty holds sway. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Study in Cuba<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In 2006
several senior members of the Masifundisane team visited Cuba and spent two
weeks there. They listened carefully to the advice given.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They discussed issues with a wide spectrum of
people, conversed with every literacy stakeholder available and generally
sought insights from people who had promoted literacy in Cuba from the
grassroots up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an exciting
experience and the team returned fired with enthusiasm from a visit that had
proved stimulating and challenging. It held great prospects for the
democratization and spread of education and training in the province and
indeed, possibly all of South Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Within a
few days of their return, the findings from the research visit had been
thoroughly discussed and brainstormed by members of the unit driving it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Five objectives</strong> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><strong></strong></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
strategic plan that emerged after the Cuba visit reflected five objectives,
namely to: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Provide easy access to the programme for
illiterate adults</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Create partnerships with various parties
who could add critical resources to the initiative </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Create relevant curricula</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Train facilitators, and monitor and
evaluate the programme effectively</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Develop institutional capacities<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Initial steps</strong></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Copyright
issues were analysed, and care taken to ensure compliance where any external
material was to be used. At this early stage a clear picture of the incidence
of illiteracy was also gained. Particular attention was given to rural areas,
and the magnitude and impact of statistics for unemployment, poverty and illiteracy were
identified and clarified.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The trend
of persons attempting to escape poverty in rural areas by flight to the cities
was understood as a major problem, since it often drove poverty-stricken
people from one area to another without improving their prospects. It was
resolved to address rural conditions through the programme so that
people would be reaffirmed and developed as self-sufficient and productive
citizens where their home communities had emerged historically. There should be
a re-establishment of pride and competence. People should be proud of who they
are and have their self-images and cultures reaffirmed.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwjdKvoIQdTZ0NjNPKlMCobRgVvhkIi8_ccrXWCriJfHteqVeYZoPYyaj9d0nt0C7QkE5IOtlmr-Mhy7Vgp2wwT76PQ6SozeXqJMzKiEVGNveLyXJ3_tWaxTxTfJgFxW-nedkQPWkAB7EV/s1600/34-LITERACY3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwjdKvoIQdTZ0NjNPKlMCobRgVvhkIi8_ccrXWCriJfHteqVeYZoPYyaj9d0nt0C7QkE5IOtlmr-Mhy7Vgp2wwT76PQ6SozeXqJMzKiEVGNveLyXJ3_tWaxTxTfJgFxW-nedkQPWkAB7EV/s1600/34-LITERACY3.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
Speaking, reading and writing incorporated into the programme</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">South
Africa 2001 statistics were perused in detail and colour-coded maps were
obtained that showed the incidence of illiteracy in all districts of KwaZulu-Natal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Projects could then be mounted in various
areas on a firm empirical basis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Owing to
the ease with which illiterate persons could be drawn into political issues, an
attempt was made to remain outside any political controversies to ensure that
people were defined fundamentally as <u>people</u> and not as adherents to any
political persuasion. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Accordingly,
the selection of areas to be the focus was dependent on the actual literacy
requirements and the other needs of the people living there, and not political
persuasion. In this regard, attempts would be made to address such other
matters as health including AIDS, TB and malaria, with developments in health also
achieved through the literary focus of the programme.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong></strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Implementing community involvement</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">From the
outset, communities were drawn in to give their opinions, advice and ideas. The
‘community mobilisers’ went into the field and invited peoples’ contributions
with the words “talk to us”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Curricula
were designed around the idea of “safe” topics” that could be evocative yet
non-ideological.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a matter of
selecting topics for literacy promotion across diverse but always real-life
contexts, with the meeting of personal needs as a prime emphasis as they were
experienced in the real world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
thrust would be to unify communities and not divide them.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Main
buzzwords were therefore to ‘<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">affirm</span>
people’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This implied the reaffirmation
of individual significance, and the recognition of the full humanity of each
participant. Every effort was made to avoid patronization. A further important
factor was to gain insight into how the experience of facilitation reaffirmed
the humanity and worth of the facilitators themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed the term Masifundisane means “We learn
together”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet another rallying cry was:
“Each one, teach one”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A problem-solving methodology was reaffirmed for the literacy programmes, with a
powerful social context; yet in the midst of community affirmation the team
never lost sight of individual needs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> <strong>Matriculant facilitators</strong></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><strong></strong></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
selection of matriculants as facilitators could be seen as hugely important for
these young people, since there is probably no quicker way to learn that to facilitate
learning for others. The improvement of their chances of entry to further study
in colleges or universities could not be stressed too strongly. It created hope
for a lost generation. It also gave them work, and thereby began the address of
a major problem in South Africa, namely the provision of employment for
school–leavers whose certification might not have brought employment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It helped them to go beyond the dead-end that
many of them had encountered.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Matriculant
facilitators were supported by a stipend. Their entry to the programme was made
easy by a simplification of bureaucratic entry requirements, while the weaker
aspects of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>current training were
avoided. Advantage was taken of helpful legislation, and in this regard the National
Qualification Framework <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was seen as an
instrument to free the project from the disadvantages of sometimes rigid
institutionalized learning. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A great
effort was made to ensure that learners “learnt how to learn”. The
teacher-centred approaches were therefore rejected in favour of a ‘constructivist
view’ in which the learner constructs their own meaningful knowledge-perspective, and in general the approach worked very well. Communities had a choice
of who would be recognized as a facilitator; a factor that made the best
candidates step forward to prove themselves. The implications for improved social
stability and the address of negative activities involving the young adults who would serve as facilitators within
communities were clear.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong> A flexible approach</strong></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
existing ‘Adult Basic Education and Training’ programme was seen as productive
in some senses, yet perhaps too focused on the constraints of institutional
education and training. It was therefore felt to be defective, since it didn’t
look at real and actual needs as they were being experiences in living
communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was also constrained by
rigidities of the academic ladder, and lacked the flexibility to react as
needed. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Although
incorporating mother tongue, the existing Adult Basic Education and Literacy programmes
were regarded as too biased towards reading and writing English, which has been
allowed to carry a considerable weight of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Western cultural concepts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Admittedly, the use of mother tongue in
learning mathematics has been experienced as difficult because the
mother-tongue concepts are sometimes alien to the needs of mathematics literacy
and other subjects. The language of mathematics is more attuned to the rich concepts
carried by English.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Local community themes</strong></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Local community
themes formed the curriculum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
concept was dependent on research and the careful investigation of community
needs. If there were no clinics, for instance, the purification of water would be
part of the curriculum since it carried with it skills that were crucial to the
welfare of the particular community that had identified the lack of clinics as
a pressing need. Facilitators were taught how to mobilize communities and draw
from them what their needs were on an ongoing basis. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a starting point, within four months people
could learn to read in their mother tongue, with 128 hours spent on the
programme. To consolidate their literacy they had to produce such documents as
a verified report of some event, a self-written letter, and an 'own' personal biographical profile. They could
even eventually read with insight the Ilanga Lase Natali newspaper started in
1903 by the famous educationist John Langalibalele Dube at Inanda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> These requirements were regarded as absolutely critical, to provide concrete, verifiable evidence of achievement and justify the award of a certificate.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Motivation was
assisted by showing people that, in a sense, they <u>could</u> read; that they <u>did</u>
have a starting-point even if it was distinguishing one popular commercial brand-name from another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Problem-solving,
games and visual literacy (achieved by showing interesting pictures and
discussing them so that they could eventually record their content in written
form) were all important. There was much on which to build.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> <strong>A simple methodology</strong></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Learners didn’t
need to be shown how to hold a pen exactly; it was generally sufficient to
simply ask them to do it. Just find a way! they were urged. They were asked to start with circles and straight
lines when forming letters, and use them to reproduce the shapes. They were also urged not to drown
in technicalities but rather to go from what they knew to what they didn't. They must strive for early success and read and write as they heard and saw things. The facilitators worked often with what people actually did. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">So the workbook of 178 pages included about 23 lessons, each
of which was pursued until completed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Topics came from the local curriculum as revealed by the community needs
analysis. The three main categories of learning outcomes were pursued,
including skills, knowledge and values/ attitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of each lesson a check was made to
ensure that each of the three had been addressed well. Knowledge and skills were
actively used in context.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Lessons were
often introduced by a story or discussion, and exercises were evaluated by
encouraging feedback. Lots of formative activities were done on a regular
basis.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Group work was
used for building words and eventually writing sentences, describing the events
in pictures and encouraging free thinking about such topics as home industries,
domestic violence and substance abuse. Self-motivation was encouraged. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Community organisation</strong></span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘Community mobilisers’ facilitated access to opportunities,
checked the illiteracy densities of district maps, and made a concerted effort
to ensure that strategies were accurately linked to the meeting of community
needs. It was envisaged that they would ultimately work in each district from a 'hub office', perhaps supported by a local business of bank.</span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Local and district stakeholders were identified and
incorporated into projects wherever possible. It was clear that the formal
institutions of the Department of Education could not achieve all goals in distant communities that had few resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a critical need for the flexible
Masifundisane programme.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">District Councillor support was encouraged since recruitment
was facilitated thereby. With District Councillors on board, wards and lesser
authorities tended to fall into line more easily. There was then a more uniform
understanding of processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Churches such as the Shembe and those affiliated to the
South African Council of Churches were also significant role-players. Many
people were drawn to these programmes very strongly if the churches supported
them. The same presentation was given everywhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recruiting church members as facilitators was
helpful since they were seen as upstanding and in tune with community needs.
They could network well. The beliefs and culture of the churchgoers were
reaffirmed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The introduction of
outsiders simply didn’t work because of distrust.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A further advantage was that church members
gained useful employment. Churches often then made available such facilities as
venues.</span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The fact that a facilitator could recruit twenty people for
literacy programmes was powerful evidence that they enjoyed credibility in the
community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a sense, learners then
comprised an informal ‘community appointments sub-committee’. Most people were
very perceptive and could identify suitable candidates. Such communities of
learners had emerged from amongst believers, workers, citizens, communities,
government workforces and educational institutions. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;">Because of a lack of management support, probably due to a
lack of available time and other constraints, programmes did not emerge
substantially from within factories and industries. Workers tended to be
reticent about revealing their low literacy status. They felt that it made them
vulnerable to stigma and even ridicule. It could also hinder promotion.</span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Even dining rooms and garages were used as venues in the
rural areas, and schools, clinics and halls were other available options. An
attempt was made to find facilities in close proximity to communities because
of threats of poor weather as well as other dangers. Venues had to be acquired
by facilitators at no cost. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsSYF5Mt03p8fp6sc-MXjb04zVhYaLc8nfKPIFuzB5W5vZwmFcUCm3qavbj02f1y2Nhbl57kkay_deROS-35MV5nK42v5PW24sEHH5uoKhpyi2pUy8bV9A16kGS3kLjo4WEYQ3Ii5rzxww/s1600/30-LITERACY6.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsSYF5Mt03p8fp6sc-MXjb04zVhYaLc8nfKPIFuzB5W5vZwmFcUCm3qavbj02f1y2Nhbl57kkay_deROS-35MV5nK42v5PW24sEHH5uoKhpyi2pUy8bV9A16kGS3kLjo4WEYQ3Ii5rzxww/s1600/30-LITERACY6.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
Some schools were used after hours</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> Registration 'r</span></o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;">ed tape' for facilitators was limited, with only an insistence on the fact
that there must be a Matriculant facilitator who was unemployed, had recruited
sufficient learners, and who had a venue available. Entry to courses was also user-friendly,
with a one-page entry form in English or Zulu. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;">Trophies were awarded to districts with the greatest
recruitment, and other trophies were awarded for the greatest monthly growth in
numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some special meetings were held
to plan and organise graduations. Despite set dates and times for training and
graduations, recruiting was ongoing and relentless throughout the year. Dates
and times were set by facilitators and their learners. </span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Monitoring progress</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">A check was made prior to the establishment of a learning
class, of the facilitator’s matriculation certificate, identity document,
application form, name lists, availability of the expected twenty learners,
and venue. In some cases where conditions mitigated against a full complement,
less that the specified number were accepted. Groups as low as two or three were
accepted in special cases.</span><br />
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Broad-based monitoring was carried out by recruited
community members, who gave assistance and support without any financial
recompense other than a modest travel allowance. They met once a month at
district level, with an exceptionally high rate of attendance evident at
meetings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Minutes were kept to record
their insights. Every three months a provincial level meeting was held, with
major issues discussed and resolved in a democratic way. </span></div>
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Monitoring tended to involve a random sampling of sites,
with recommendations made to facilitators and supervisors. Where necessary,
Head Office looked into issues raised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Where the approval of the Superintendent General was needed, issues were
channelled via the General Manager.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With
twenty monitors in each of twelve districts, there were two hundred and forty
monitors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each district had two
co-ordinators, one of whom would chair meetings while the other took minutes.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Some teaching principles </strong> </span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">1. <strong>Present the conditions for learning language</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Rather than to provide formal, structured language teaching to illiterates, it appears best to present supportive <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">conditions under which it can thrive and develop spontaneously in its own way.
So, facilitators were asked to foster an environment in which effective language learning could
develop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Learners d</span>eveloped and consolidated
personal mental representations and therefore meanings.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<strong><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2. Motivation<o:p></o:p></span></span></strong></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">They were asked to capture
interest early by using the learner’s needs and objectives. They should discover and
nurture springs of motivation in each learner and assist as motivation waxes and
wanes. Students were responsible for their own learning as they worked on
weaknesses and insufficiencies.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>3. Normal environments and tasks<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Learners used language for normal purposes, not artificially. They ensured that it operated close
to real communication, with creative expression of meanings and not imitation.
Facilitators encouraged participatory activities that were student-initiated, purposeful and
task-oriented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some were peer to peer activities, others
were done in small groups that co-operated on tasks demanding language. Language
learning was allowed to penetrate other cultural activities. Culturally
probable situations and real-world community activities were found to be most productive. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>4. Non threatening atmosphere.</strong> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">learners were encouraged to
think and feel 'naturally'. No emotional threats were allowed to surface, and
peers and teachers helped where necessary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People
were required to be comforting, interested and respectful of each other. They could take risks, with
no fear of failure. The even taught each other under the slogan: 'While we teach we learn.'</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>5. Rules of usage<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Rule-governed
(phonological, syntactical, semantic, pragmatic) subsystems were covered in an interrelated
way. Learners were not left to drift into errors by ignoring a firm structural
framework, but rather performed rules actively; they didn't simply memorize or discuss them.
They <u>used</u> them.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>6. Modalities<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Facilitators offered a wide
range of modalities, including physical responses to language, explaining drawings, understanding aural inputs, delivering spoken
output; also reading, writing, doing word puzzles, manipulation of objects, describing pictures and engaging with
song, dance, music, acting scenarios, gestures, facial expressions and making
things.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>7. Tests<o:p></o:p></strong></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tests were done solely to help
learning. facilitators learnt not to find errors and omissions as a first concern; but to rather allow learners
to display their learning experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
Learners reflected </span>course objectives and student interests in what they explored, and
didn't stick too rigidly to times. Above
all, facilitators avoided over-testing, and tended to rely on the production of assigned work.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Graduation and testimony</strong></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">During the
terminal phase of the project I attended a graduation ceremony at the
Pietermaritzburg show grounds in Natal. Thousands of mature students were present,
each decked out in the colours of the region from which they had been
transported. They sat in a massive tent the size of a football field. In turn,
each region was acknowledged, and a number of certificates were handed out.
</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Recipients ranged from 19 years to gogos (grandmothers) in their 90s. Many took to the stage to bear witness to how the programme had helped them. Some
danced for joy, expressing their delight at being accredited as sufficiently
literate to read a newspaper in Zulu or English. One elderly matron, not
present, was reputed to be 101 years old. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Although as a comparative outsider it was difficult for me to establish each participant's level of achievement in an objective academic way, the anecdotes of empowerment and competence were frequent, unrehearsed and stated clearly in public. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
Masifundisane project generated enormous potential for good, with obvious benefits for self respect and an alleviation of the 'victim' mentality. It is no doubt worth adapting and pursuing, in part or whole, as a broad model
for the enhancement of literacy in many other parts of the world. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Further, meticulous and detailed research would no doubt uncover the triumphs and problems inherent in a system as extensive and spontaneous as this. Modifications and refinements would no doubt be necessary to gain optimal achievements.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In South Africa it seems to have been seen
finally as a single, historically-located project set up to alleviate the
deficit caused by apartheid. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The process
continued under the banner of the prevailing Sector Education and Training
Authority system and national grid of qualifications. These offered ongoing,
alternative literacy programmes under the Adult Basic Education and Training curricula.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Further recommendations</strong></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In the
author’s view, while it functioned for some years the project was one of the
finest anywhere in the world. The principles of care and nurturing were
brilliant markers in an otherwise fundamentally uncaring environment. It is
worthy of resuscitation in my own country and wherever in the world illiteracy
is widespread.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Further developments worthy of future consideration could include the development in each participant of a wider range of literacies such as home language, language of the economy (English?), numeracy, thinking skills, life skills, entrepreneurship, business practice, financial literacy, computer skills and cell phone literacy.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-90448637786199056612014-12-27T21:45:00.000-08:002014-12-27T21:45:22.207-08:00Gala and the Great Zulu King
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gala and the Great Zulu King</span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span></o:p></u></b> </div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you
read the stirring ballad or epic poem <u>Song of Hiawatha</u> by Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow? In stirring verse, it tells of incidents in the life and times of Hiawatha,
a legendary indigenous American. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">If you’ve
not read the American epic, perhaps you’re familiar with <u>The ballad of Abdul
Abulbul Amir</u>, dealing with an incident in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877? It
reflects a battle to the death by two powerful military protagonists who will
give no quarter. It was written by Percy French. Both are worth reading if you like fairly robust, descriptive work, and have not done so before.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 86.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You might
need a snippet of Zulu history to appreciate the ballad I have written and
reproduced below. It refers to an incident that happened in 1828, almost a year after the
death of King Shaka’s mother Nandi. It occurred a few months before the death
of the king himself at the hands of his servant Mbopha, and brothers Dingane
and Nomahlanjana. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsB802v7PrBYZ94bDu4E53NyPx9IHSQERFBaBN7DnHzrj5HeNhWmxggtW95it0kseKbqH7NKE9faiADEMH5hENDJLuIU5acxRLH0HH3CBouLTGXNgg37O6kuZ1azhM-h_zYycdwohFnpE6/s1600/58-SHAKA.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsB802v7PrBYZ94bDu4E53NyPx9IHSQERFBaBN7DnHzrj5HeNhWmxggtW95it0kseKbqH7NKE9faiADEMH5hENDJLuIU5acxRLH0HH3CBouLTGXNgg37O6kuZ1azhM-h_zYycdwohFnpE6/s1600/58-SHAKA.JPG" height="320" width="220" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">King Shaka ka Senzangakhona</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As was
customary after the death of a significant royal, the king of the Zulus ordered
a period of national mourning when Nandi died. During the tumultuous year that
followed, many people killed cattle as sacrifices and tokens of grief, ate
little solid food, and bore no children. Those who disobeyed were treated
harshly. Some were executed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Eventually
in frustration at the loss of livestock and even human lives, a brave man by
the name of Gala confronted the king directly, roaring out his fury. His
actions were done more an act of loyalty to jar the king from his misery, than as
a simple show of defiance. Gala, who no doubt anticipated being put to death, took
an astonishing risk on behalf of the nation. The result is recorded here in
ballad form.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
author of the present ballad has no pretensions to conceiving great epic poetry,
but felt that South Africa should not be left out. We have many remarkable
historical traditions that lend themselves well to an epic poem or ballad. The
ballad below follows the same distinct, throbbing rhythm of the two great epic
poems mentioned above.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The ballad.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He sat stony-faced
with a shield on his knees,</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">And
sealed neighbours fate with an army like bees,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Moments
of kindness, and then hard to please.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Muscles
of steel and thighs like young trees,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The great
Zulu king!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">His
praises still ring.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When his
mother died it stunned him a while,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Wept on
his shield, no hint of a smile,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
people were shocked; was this the king’s guile…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He’d
never shown weakness, most easy to rile,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">This
stern man of war!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He’d laid
down the law.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The king
gave his orders, harsh and grim,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Mourn
deeply his mother, or answer to him,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Take no
solid food, or risk life and limb. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘We kill
many cattle to comply with each whim,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For the
king will not bend…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Oh, when
will this end?’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">But then
came a brave man, Gala his name,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Strode up
to the king, erect was his frame,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘The
cattle are dying, long gone are wild game,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Your
people are starving, will you take the blame?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
harvests all wither; there is no corn…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You’ll
soon have no army; no children are born’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Shaka was
angered, he stood tall and proud,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He turned
to the councillors and then to the crowd,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘Who
brought this man here? Go find him a shroud.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Glowering
down now, he bellowed out loud,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘The
stranger has drawn his very last breath,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Impertinent
dog, you ask for your death’.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The sycophants
raged, they ranted and cursed,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">But Gala
spoke on, his veins near to burst,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘I have
more to tell you, and then do your worst…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Stuff a stone
in your gut; you’re not the first,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">To lose
his mother in Zululand.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Like any
loyal man, here I stand.’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
counsellors gasped, the crowd fell back,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Would
this brave stranger now pay for his lack,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Of
courtesy…<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>or take a tack,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">That
begged forgiveness or sought a crack,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In the
king’s stern countenance…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Atone to
him for the grave offence?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For an
age Shaka stood, lost deep in thought,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Fighting
once more the great battles fought,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">And,
wondering again at the virtues brought,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">By such
men as Gala who often had nought,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">But to
offer their lives,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">That the
nation might thrive. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Then
Shaka relaxed, and quite soon he said,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘It’s better
for all he’s alive and not dead.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">How can I
kill him, he speaks words so true,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When will
you councillors do so too?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Toe to
toe, and eye to eye, <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He is a
man prepared to die’. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘You have
no head ring’, he said to the man,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘I give
you the honour, and know that I can…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Honour
the fighters who fight for your clan,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">And that
I do gladly, as part of my plan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Great
courage you bring,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">…Your men
have the ring.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">‘I
reprieve you Gala, brave amongst brave,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You spoke
well of a mother now in her grave,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The great
she-elephant, head of her clan,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Stern in
her wisdom and strong as a man.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">See that
he sleeps, and see that he’s fed,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">And give
him a hut and make up a bed’.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gala left
early, set forth on the trudge,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Leaving a
king who bore him no grudge,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For the
harsh words he spoke and the bellicose tone,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">And the
blunt admonition to swallow a stone.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Whatever
they say of the great Zulu king,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Courage
it was, that made his heart sing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-42791928169594411272014-12-20T23:50:00.001-08:002015-01-29T21:39:33.027-08:00Call of the wilderness: how to conduct a nature hike<br />
<h2 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The call of the
wilderness: how to conduct a nature hike</span></span></h2>
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXUXtkkBkAgHZ1TYQp-pFrE77NGYh7u2HqBjywClc2-yKlXdguR5GLIp0c2_t_9nnxd7Lqa2iDZpbxQ4z6bY2NbFyq9LewKltjGBBHz6Reuh5ScsacnHNC41jFDgBeXuMQp0gtOT_bJqFY/s1600/25-WHITE+RHINO.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXUXtkkBkAgHZ1TYQp-pFrE77NGYh7u2HqBjywClc2-yKlXdguR5GLIp0c2_t_9nnxd7Lqa2iDZpbxQ4z6bY2NbFyq9LewKltjGBBHz6Reuh5ScsacnHNC41jFDgBeXuMQp0gtOT_bJqFY/s1600/25-WHITE+RHINO.JPG" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">National treasures<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
late Dr Ian Player spoke often of the periods of contemplation and silent
meditation he invited participants to take when he guided them on nature trails
in the Umfolozi Park. Each hiker would be asked to seek out a suitable spot
distant from the others, to reflect and soak up the character and atmosphere of
the wild during an evening vigil. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For most it was an unforgettable experience. </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">There
was something primeval about making contact with the
‘collective unconscious’ of humankind. The hikers tapped as best they could into
the distant wild heritage of humanity, and explored the way our lives on the
African savannah had influenced and formed our minds, physiology, instincts and
social predispositions. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Grave, courteous and kindly, Player never gave
up on the idea of a Creative Being in charge of it all. He would ask the hikers
to relish the silence, distant from the shallow-grounded mercenary hustle and
bustle of the cities that most had come from. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As a
young man I devoured his anecdotes of canoeing excursions on the Phongola River
and canoeing races in the early 1950s with Ernie Pearce, father of my
sister-in-law Linda. Despite the Umgeni being negotiated first in 1893 by Foley
and Marianni in a sixteen-foot canvas canoe, it was the races between Player, Pearce
and a few others more than a half-century later that started the ‘Duzi
marathons’. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Player was, and remains, one of the national treasures of
KwaZulu-Natal. Indeed, so is Pearce, who with three races behind him undertook
the organization of subsequent events and sustained the competition when Player
moved more deeply into conservation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Another
great conservationist was Hugh Dent. Tanned, slender of build and gentle in
temperament, Dent was a man deeply committed to nature. In 1962, he guided an
excursion of schoolboys I was entrusted with leading in the wild by the (then)
Northlands Boys High School. I have never forgotten the sharp reprimand he
dished out when I approached too close to a herd of white rhinos. I was just twenty
years old at the time. It was a memorable first lesson in safety in the
presence of large game, and the mistake was never repeated.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Another
fine conservationist-ranger was Graham Verceuil, resident instructor at Phinda
Nature Reserve in Maputaland. A thoroughly professional martinet, Graeme
instructed his ranger-guides with commendable clarity and conviction, and produced a stream of
remarkable young men and women for service at such parks as Phinda,
Londolozi and Madikwe. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">My
role at Phinda and later at the other two reserves under the (then)
Conservation Corporation Africa, was to accredit their rangers within the SETA
system. I did this during the early 2000s, while knowing full well the
privilege it was to engage on a series of day and night drives with people
whose experiences were honed daily by endless encounters with a range of wild
creatures. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">These were the happiest days one could imagine, let alone
experience. The experiences were leavened by collaborating with Roy Cowgill on
training tourist guides under my (then) company Alex Educational, and basking
in his extraordinary knowledge of biology and especially avian subjects.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On a
theoretical level, I found the writings of Robert Ardrey (The hunting
hypothesis), Desmond Morris (The naked ape) and other writers on history,
anthropology and palaeontology informative in their exploration of pre-human
development in the wilderness of the African savannah. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
great skill was to keep two huge ideas in mind simultaneously and without
apparent contradiction; that is, to believe in a Creator while accepting the
evolutionary explanation in the face of overwhelming evidence. There is no
doubt that the intricate order and interrelationships within ‘wilderness’ make
the usual meaning of the term, a disorderly jumble or tangle, inappropriate. The
brilliance of the natural order puts our human culture and technology to shame.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">So, I
have been fortunate in the people who have influenced my thinking on
wilderness. In the section that follows, I share some of the experience with
you the reader. You can use the guidelines that follow in this chapter to meet
many of the requirements for conducting nature experiences on a one-day nature
excursion. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The text is nevertheless only a basis for much further research on
the part of any future nature guide. And, you will need to adapt the points to
accommodate the level of hike involved, including matters of duration,
topography and terrain, weather and external threat. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Conduct a
nature hike<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prospective guides
must do many <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">practical field activities
</span>before they can expect to achieve competence. Constant and varied
practice done in a wide variety of habitats, and under varying conditions with
different types of clients is essential if one is to acquire expertise. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Note that when in unspoiled
natural wilderness where serious threats are present, a maximum of about eight participants
is usual. The number might be twelve if there are two guides, or a tracker. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Regarding early planning, the conscientious guide will ask himself or
herself many questions. H</span><span lang="EN-US">ave you found out the precise date,
time of departure and duration as well as the route (with options) for your nature
walk? Do you know who your guests are? How many are there? Have they any
special interests?</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Are there any
medical conditions amongst any member(s) of your walking party that might
endanger them? You can’t afford to have someone collapse after a rigorous
climb, due to a heart condition of which you were not aware. If your principals
(company, lodge manager, head ranger or whoever has joint responsibility) have
not informed you meticulously about your guests, you have the duty to find out
for yourself. The responsibility works both ways. The safety of all, including
yourself and other field staff, is a main concern. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US">Ensure that your mental
and physically fitness is more than equal to this demanding job. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">With regard to prior
preparations, have you considered the duration (total time) of the walk, time
of day, likely weather conditions, difficulties of terrain that might affect
equipment choice, and prior instructions to be given? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You should have access to an electronic communication system; perhaps a
small radio communication set, and if it is not available, at the very least a
cell phone to alert your principals to any mishap. The use of this equipment
must not interfere with enjoyment of the walk. There is no need to misuse or
over-use it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you worked the
route out carefully to meet the interest and experiences of clients? Does it
offer possibilities for photography? Does it accommodate the level of client
fitness? Does it take the clients safely to where their interests can be
satisfied? For example, if they want forest fauna and flora, don’t take them on
a grasslands walk or to a sodden vlei unless there is exceptional interest
there. Will there be sufficient safe rest stops? Have you considered
alternatives within the route, if problems arise?</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you considered
their preparation to endure possible extremes of weather, including rain, heat or
cold, to ensure maximum safety? Is the clothing of yourself and your clients appropriate,
including the use of boots or strong walking shoes? Open sandals are possible
for some walks, but they leave your feet open to stings, bites, envenomation
and other wounds. Strong boots with a decent tread are usually best. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do your clients
each have a broad-brimmed hat that ‘breathes’, with a neck shade for summer;
also water/liquids, binoculars, also if necessary insect repellant, sunscreen
lotion, first aid items, and cameras? Have you collected and checked your own
equipment, perhaps including a light rucksack, water, cell phone, small
first-aid box (and your rifle, ammunition and pouch if necessary)?</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do you know basic
first aid, and how to treat snakebite without endangering a patient further?
Have you taken these first aid skills seriously enough? In some countries, you
may not register as a guide without them. Note that for legal reasons you cannot
act as a doctor might, and give prescribed medicines. Update yourself on the
current legal requirements.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-US">Have you brought
one or two books on birds or trees for further reference if necessary? It is
not considered good form to bring books on the obvious things like the larger
flagship species, but books on birds, trees, flowers and grasses are useful
because you cannot know everything there is about the thousands of species
encountered, including the infinite data that accompanies each. Use the books </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">for detailed reference, and not
as a replacement for your comprehensive, ever-ready knowledge. Many guests will
bring their own books.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When meeting
guests, have you introduced yourself and your tracker (if you are accompanied
by one) courteously?</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Good morning, I’m
John and I’ll be your guide for the day. I hope you had a good night’s sleep
because we’ll be starting promptly and it’ll be a long day for us all…” Guests
like you to address them as individuals and most prefer you to engage in
interaction early. Do not leave people out; they usually won’t like it if they
feel you are ignoring them. Consider their social and ego needs.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you found out
any special interests such as birding, or viewing a particular species of big
game, amongst your clients? Are they especially interested in any order,
family, genus, or species? Have you considered the insects, grasses, flowers
that might appeal to a few specialists? This might influence the one or two
books you take with you (you can’t carry too many; they’re too heavy!</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you found out as
much as possible from your principals well prior to the walk, noted essential
details and planned accordingly? Are there any special health problems such as
obesity, heart condition, lameness, eyesight and hearing that will affect your anticipated
hike? It must be within the scope of all persons due to participate in it. No-one
will appreciate being put in danger, or alternatively, be hampered in their
experience because of poor planning. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When you meet the
group, reassess the situation. Have you also asked your guests about medical
conditions; very, very discreetly and sensitively, and make final adaptations. You
might have a problem deciding the rights of the group to a rich experience, weighed
against the right of a single guest to the protection of their health. Decisions
are seldom easy, so prepare for any eventuality prior to the walk and err on
the side of safety.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Note that many
efficient companies will insist on clients completing a simple form to declare
any health or other problems prior to the walk. Ensure that you know about
these and plan for them, with company administrators involved if necessary.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Give an initial
briefing before the walk. Outline the route (you might use a good map here),
warn of dangers and provide routines for safety. Ban alcohol (you can’t allow
uncontrolled reactions that might spoil the walk and endanger guests), smoking
(the smell of tobacco does not go well with nature), noise (which will chase
away the game), bravado (which could endanger a guest or the whole group), and separation
(which could break the group up and endanger individuals). </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you invited
open communications of any serious problems, and yet stamped your authority on
the group? Getting their respect is usually a result of your obvious
professional competence. You should never have to resort to harsh words or even
threats. If you have a problem with an individual, take that person aside and
deal with them individually; if a group of people presents a problem, only then
must you incorporate the entire clientele.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Are signals agreed
and repeated by guests: stop (hand up), look (point to eyes, then direction of
sighting), listen (hand to ear), sit (hand down gesture), come here (beckon),
back off slowly (hand pushes away), quiet (finger to lips, pained expression)!
Do you advise them to look at you at intervals, to maintain contact?</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Does the party keep
closely to the pathways selected by the ranger-guide, as appropriate? Do you
avoid thickets, reeds or long grass where unexpected dangers might lurk? Most
large and potentially dangerous creatures will give way unless they have young,
are cornered or in breeding mode, but it is better to take no chances. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">You do not want
your group walking abreast and shoulder to shoulder like a spread-out hunting
line; it’s inefficient because of obstructions off the path. Nor do you want
damage to vegetation away from paths or on fragile banks. You need to know
where everyone is. Do check regularly, and perhaps ask a responsible person to
be in the rear. If available, a second guide or tracker will usually be there.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do you insist that
guests keep disruptive sound to a minimum? Note how voices can carry on a quiet
day and across open grasslands or a valley. What is the point of a walk in a
forest habitat, where everything is at close quarters, if there is continual talking
and noise? Are there any irritating jingles and jangles from equipment? Do
cameras buzz and whirr at awkward times? Do you need a rule to govern camera
use? Do you need to authorize the time of use where camera motors are involved?
</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Honour conservation
ethics so that no litter remains, no branches are broken unnecessarily, and no
wild creature is unduly disturbed. Ask yourself; have you really respected the
animals’ and even plants’ rights to a secure and largely undisturbed
environment? Does your party ‘leave nothing but footprints’?</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Are all human
senses of sight, hearing, touch, perhaps even smell and taste used to
experience the wild intimately? Do your clients get to feel the roughness of
bark, the smell of herbs and perhaps the taste of an edible berry or fruit? Usually,
we humans rely greatly on sight and to some extent hearing (e.g. bird sounds)
and need to use the other senses more if we are to experience the wild most
completely.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do the clients get
to appreciate the wild creatures’ acute senses of smell, sight and hearing, and
the effect on sightings that a blundering approach can exert? Have you considered
the effects of wind direction sufficiently? Have you ever thought about your
own disadvantages, when your senses compete poorly against the acute sight,
hearing and smell of many wild creatures? Tell your clients some anecdotes to
show it, or prove it by observation on the trail.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Are signs such as
spoor and faeces (dung; droppings), markings and scrapes identified and
interpreted well? Have you got at least one book to help you with this? It is
very necessary to interpret flagship spoor and tracks accurately and with
confidence, and precise interpretations will impress your clients if you can offer
them for the more obscure signs you encounter.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Is there willingness to let nature ‘speak’
to the group, rather than to impose the group’s presence on nature? This means
sometimes sitting in silence as Player and Dent often did, stopping all
activity except your heartbeats and stomach rumbles and enjoying the sights and
sounds that come to you. Do this occasionally, especially if you want a change
in tempo.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Is safety a
priority, with the guide leading only on walks and in areas where he/she is
legally entitled to do so? Do you keep a sufficient distance from wild
creatures to not disturb them? This implies never entering their ‘comfort zones’?
Alternatively, do you give way to arrogance or bravado, forcing the wild
creatures in your vicinity to become alert, or alarmed, or to even adopt a flight
or defense mode? If you do so, you have failed badly as a nature guide. Always
brief guests about the importance of safety, and let them know early that you
will not exceed the bounds of good sense.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijpM5HuCVs7pcSyBoAd5lnJkKXC_3auDjRFjkrD-a65c-67-ayNCXB9_X9qS1N68yYGfA0fYfbu7WG75JuOfuN7_V1R2zUETyswkX6yprzn27zWsj2gShNl80ZDwQeBAzY0rJG0aTqCN9D/s1600/61-k11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijpM5HuCVs7pcSyBoAd5lnJkKXC_3auDjRFjkrD-a65c-67-ayNCXB9_X9qS1N68yYGfA0fYfbu7WG75JuOfuN7_V1R2zUETyswkX6yprzn27zWsj2gShNl80ZDwQeBAzY0rJG0aTqCN9D/s1600/61-k11.JPG" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Obviously, many wild creatures can pose a threat. I
recall a walk along a wetland stretch of coastal grassland in the lake St Lucia
area of Zululand. My wife and I were winding our way between shallow lakes when
we encountered a stretch of water deeper and greater in extent than what we had
negotiated. Stretching along the middle of the lake was a long tongue of marshy
land that led through shallow water to land on the other side. From the water
grasses growing on it, we could judge that the water along the tongue was
ankle-deep and quite negotiable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
began the hike, and with nothing in view, proceeded to about half way along the
sodden spit. Then I heard the low, reverberating grunt of a hippopotamus, one
of the most prolific killers of human beings in Africa. A huge, dark head had
risen to the surface a hundred metres away and fifty metres from the tongue we
would traverse. Then we saw a second head, and then another.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We backed away cautiously, eyes fixed on
the water to see if any more surprises might surface closer to us. There was
nothing, but the bull renewed his threat, gaped his jaws wide and began to
advance steadily. The opening of the great beast’s jaws was not a comforting
sign; but my wife, an experienced campaigner in these matters, was already backing
off. The hippo slowed perhaps forty metres away and eventually stopped to stare
motionless towards our retreating forms. There was then no need to run to the
trees we had identified as safe havens behind us.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The incident was
not a close shave by any means, but it presented a lesson in planning. Had we
taken the trouble to study the water in advance, we might have seen the bull
surface. I calculated at one stage that, had he charged purposefully, it would
have been a close thing. In that sodden environment, I’d have put his pace at
twice or thrice what we could muster. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A more serious
threat from hippo occurred while I was walking along the shoreline of Lake St
Lucia when I came across a spoor that left the water and travelled inland, away
from the lake. There was no sign of a re-entry spoor. I backed off. Should the
hippo have decided to return as I walked at the lakeside, the consequences
could have been unpleasant. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">At the other end of
the spectrum, in terms of size, are tiny insects such as mosquitoes and flies
that can ruin a nature trip. Perhaps my worst experience with the small
creatures was with flies my wife and I encountered in New Zealand. We were
travelling up the west coast of the South Island, at Haast River, before going
further north to hike up to the ice scarp of Fox Glacier. In those conditions,
one would not expect flies. However, it was summer and there they were; sand flies
in millions. I was stung on the right wrist, and the sand fly might have laid
eggs because the festering pinpoint took fifteen months to heal. I am wiser
now. If I returned, I’d be in long sleeves with whatever repellent works.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Interpretations
take some practice, and nature walks provide a catalyst for the guide to use a
wide variety of interpretations that can add interest and knowledge to the
clients’ experiences. Check yourself to see if your commentary is sufficiently
diverse. Do you use various methods (formal, informal, multi-cultural,
storytelling, questions and answers) to give variety and richness of
interpretation to your nature trail interpretations? </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The <u>formal
method</u> implies giving a ‘lecture’, perhaps on the dining deck of a lodge,
or even in a theatre or library, or during a refreshment stop, on some topic.
It means the topic has been chosen beforehand, to be delivered in a formal
context. Nature guides use the method very occasionally. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">More often used is
the <u>informal method</u>, where wild creatures appear and then disappear during
the walk. There can be no real formal preparation and the guide relies on his
or her innate knowledge. It means a more spontaneous type of interpretation. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Also used
frequently is the <u>question and answer method.</u> This will sometimes test
you, because it relies on your spontaneous knowledge and ability to do
book-research quickly.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The <u>multi-cultural
approach</u> means giving interpretations from different cultural perspectives.
For a westerner, nature might mean an aesthetic experience. For a person living
closer to wild creatures in a wild environment, wild creatures might imply sustenance
for their families. Always retain sensitivity. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Storytelling and
anecdotes</span></u><span lang="EN-US">. These may be used at rest-stops, or
around a campfire or at a lodge during evening meals. Guests like to hear
lively anecdotes from your personal experience. Do work on this, and build up a
few humorous stories. Success can define you as a guide.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Dirty jokes, racial
comments, continuous babbling without a stop, arrogance, focus on the self
instead of nature, and a reluctance to say anything at all, are considered ‘bad
form’. Do interpret when you really have something to add to the experience,
and don’t ramble on without any pause for the sake of being heard. Guests will
welcome quite long pauses without commentary, as they simply soak up the nature
experience. Your commentary is most valuable at meaningful and critical times.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Having a good sense
of humour is a great advantage. This can be quiet and not uproarious for best
effect, but if it is not present, you will have nothing special to fall back on
during times when nature is quiet. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I recall a campfire
in the wilds of Maputaland where well-known author and photographer Roger de la
Harpe and a few journalists each told a joke or two. One was about the king who
experienced an unfortunate accident when an ornately carved chair fell out of
the roof thatch of his hut and injured him. He learnt that ‘those who live in
grass houses should not stow thrones’. Silly, but we laughed for hours at this
and other snatches of humour, since it was the right place and time after a
tough day for a bit of nonsense. It’s always difficult to relate the funny bits
from jokes told because, as someone once said, analyzing a joke is a bit like
dissecting a frog. It’s not a pleasant thing to do, and the result when
revealed isn’t much fun.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do you have a
sufficient store of back-up knowledge such as found in a contemplation of broader
ecological issues to enrich your explanations? When nothing much is being
observed, it’s good practice to talk about something like the trophic pyramid,
or symbiotic relationships, or food chains or webs as concepts. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ensure that you conclude
the nature experience properly, courteously and decisively with a brief summary
and analysis of interesting events, followed by farewells. The worst thing to
do is drift away mumbling. Good wishes for the rest of the holiday are usually
in order.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Do you write in
your diary a brief report on the game walk? Do you expand into detail when
reporting on any event that might have been problematic? Have you reported it
to your relevant senior? You should do so, for legal reasons! </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you also
considered how well or badly you conducted the walk, and what things you could improve
for the next excursion? Quality is not the most important thing, it is the only
thing.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-45393016338402797262014-12-18T02:29:00.000-08:002014-12-18T02:29:53.951-08:00The Lion with no Pride<br />
<h1 align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc357426584"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">The Lion with no Pride</span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Very few people can
have endured the charge of a bull elephant at night while in pitch darkness, seated
in a low, open vehicle in the midst of a pride of a dozen lions. I have. And it
can be great fun if you’re with the right people! Here’s the story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A decade ago I undertook the evaluation of
nature guides for the renowned conservation and tourist hosting company CCAfrica.
The company is now known as ‘& Beyond’. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;">The two main nature resources concerned were Phinda in
KwaZulu-Natal and Londolozi in Mpumalanga.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
project was a pleasure to undertake, and a great experience. Each guide I
assessed had already completed a tough training programme headed by two young professional
ranger-conservationists, Graeme Vercueil and Allister Kilpin. The guides skills
and knowledge had then been refined during an extended period of practical
implementation with customers. I accompanied many of these excursions with
customers, since they gave me an opportunity to see how the guides performed in
managing the cycle of routine drives.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">Day tours on an open
vehicle were exceptional experiences, but the night drives presented a special
treat. With nocturnal creatures going about their business, there was a great
deal of activity.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"> One night
drive proved especially memorable.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI8NVFLn3kh3XKRVSWW9RcZRWhqoEEp02dN4sNp4QZBa-Hf4QPiJ-xBQ_wGx4LgzwaezXP4SmdVwTE6yWhMiHKBpCh8sDy463an-4Py7yElCsU7-tIagcerH-d4ESJ6vzn-UYkJsMqO5WV/s1600/79-LIONS.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI8NVFLn3kh3XKRVSWW9RcZRWhqoEEp02dN4sNp4QZBa-Hf4QPiJ-xBQ_wGx4LgzwaezXP4SmdVwTE6yWhMiHKBpCh8sDy463an-4Py7yElCsU7-tIagcerH-d4ESJ6vzn-UYkJsMqO5WV/s1600/79-LIONS.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Start of the dusk patrol<br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A
young guide I'll refer to as Glen drove the open vehicle. An African guide
named Vincent accompanied him. In daylight drives in open country, Vincent
would seat himself on a chair at the front of the vehicle; but on night drives,
he would be inside the vehicle on the left seat for safety.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A
.375 Holland and Holland Magnum rifle, loading cartridges the length of a man’s
finger, lay in front of the two on a metal cradle mounted on the dashboard. Sound
strategies were in place to ensure that the guide never used the rifle except
in extreme circumstances. To kill a wild creature would signify the most
abysmal failure.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“The
lions were seen in the northern sector this morning before lunch, to the west
of the marshlands,” Glen told me on the afternoon before the drive. “They seem
to have slept off a big meal during the morning, and might eat again this
afternoon. They took a zebra, I think.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“How
many lions?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“There
are four adults, one a mature male, and seven half-grown cubs.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Do
you think they’ll hunt again tonight?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Probably
not. I think they’ll finish the zebra and then sleep it all off.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We
set off from the beautiful Forest Lodge with six guests. I sat behind the
African guide. The dark olive-green vehicle carried a supply of rugs because it
could be cold when seated on the raised seats with no roof, and a windscreen
that protruded just above head height. Although we would travel slowly, the air
could be chilly, and Glen advised the guests to dress warmly to fend off the cold,
night autumn air. Most brought jerseys or jackets, as well as balaclavas and
even gloves.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We
ventured forth on a night that began as black as ink. Our powerful torch,
driven by the vehicle engine, cast a sharp, penetrating glare of light into the
darkness. To avoid damaging the delicate tapetum cells found at the rear of the
eyes of most predators and certain other crepucscular or nocturnal animals, we
had covered the raw, destructive white bulb and lens with a red filter before
we left.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As
we progressed, a crescent–shaped sliver of moon appeared low on the eastern
horizon and climbed imperceptibly in a long arc through the sky. The darkness
gradually gave way to a blush of silvery moonlight that bathed the landscape
and cast dark shadows across the grass.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We
were fortunate in the many wild creatures seen; a number of impala whose eyes
reflected brightly in the darkness; a genet, and even a bat hanging head-down
from an overhead branch. All had the glare reflected away from them as soon as
contact was made, to ensure protection of the vulnerable tapetum cells in their
eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Eventually the
radio crackled into life, and a report came in from a ranger who had led an
afternoon excursion to the area. He said that instead of hunting again the
pride had fed that afternoon, quite late. It was resting in the proximity of a
sand forest lying two kilometres west of a small dam that adjoined the
marshlands.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We wound our way
carefully towards the forest, and in due course slowed to a crawl because we
were near the pride. To the left of the track lay the seven youngsters,
sprawled on the ground amidst short grass, and all fast asleep. As we drew closer,
one or two ears twitched, and an occasional sleepy head rose with effort and
then sank again.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Don’t stand
up or reach out. Just stay seated, and the less talking now or distracting
noises, the better. We don’t need silence, just no hubbub.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">To the uninitiated,
it might seem strange that lions are not disturbed by the presence of a
vehicle, and the presence of humans on it, unprotected by glass windows and a
roof. Lions seem, however to smell only the petrol, oil and other lubricants,
and tend to globalise the vehicle and the living creatures on it into a gestalt;
that is, a single large metal object devoid of living parts. It is of course not
reassuring when a lioness walks past your seat two metres away and slightly
beneath you, flattens her ears and stares straight into your eyes for a time as
if you were prey.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Follow Vincent’s
light,” said Glen. “He’ll pick out the youngsters for you.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">There was palpable
excitement from the tourists as we wended our way through the sleeping,
half-grown, or three-quarter grown youngsters. The largest amongst them were
quite capable of disembowelling a human if provoked to do so. Soon gently
snoring lions, lying in a variety of poses, sleeping off their ample meal of
zebra, surrounded us. Vincent went about his duties quietly and efficiently,
and Glen picked a way through the carnivores.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After moving
forward a further fifty metres, we came to where the adults were sleeping. The
male was a magnificent specimen of four years of age, with a dark mane. Full
grown, weighed about two hundred and twenty kilograms, and his distended stomach
showed that he had fed well. Two young lionesses were with him, weighing
perhaps a hundred and thirty kilograms each. An older female lay a few metres
further on. All were fast asleep when we arrived, and barely moved as the
engine purred towards them. All had fed well. We studied them in silence,
broken only by a whispered remark or metallic click as someone adjusted the light
or a camera. The scene was a perfect picture of calm.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Suddenly from the
left rear of the truck, from perhaps a hundred metres off, came a shrill squeal
of surprize, followed by low grunts and the rustling of bushes.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Elephant,” said
Glen. “It’s blundered into the cubs, and doesn’t sound too pleased.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The shrieks rose to
a crescendo, and we tracked the large herbivore moving forward in the darkness
on our left flank. Shortly thereafter, the first of the young lions arrives,
bewildered and trotting towards the adults for protection. They let out little
growls and grunts as they came. Quite soon, all seven were around the vehicle,
prowling around us, bewildered and bemused as they tried to make out what to
do.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Although we could
not see the elephant, it was clear that it had been alarmed at its encounter
and was now enraged and irascible. It was moving forward on our flank,
occasionally dislodging dry boughs or even snapping saplings as it barged its
way through the scattered shrubs and trees.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Now also alarmed,
the four adult lions rose to their feet. The male began to roar, an ear
splitting volume of sound from the proximity of a few metres. Facing the
location of the elephant, he raised his head and with flanks heaving, began a
series of guttural roars that began as a deep aarouff! aarrouff! aarrouff! and
ended in a string of panting grunts. Not to be outdone, the two younger females
joined in, and soon we were audience to a chorus of thunderous challenges
ringing through the African bush. Confident in their parents’ expertise, the
youngsters hung close to them, which implied their continuing to mill around
the open vehicle. The rugs and anoraks each of the passengers wore offered
little protection if one of the lions had decided to sample any of the seated
spectators.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Don’t
worry, they’ve all eaten,” Glen offered as a means of reassurance.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Suddenly,
I could hear the squeals and trumpets of the elephant no longer receding. The
great beast seemed to have stopped perhaps the length of a rugby field away in
the darkness. There was renewed energy from his giant lungs as he let out a
particularly shrill shriek, and then the sounds of branches and dry vegetation
snapping. It came ever closer, and the truth became clear. We were in the path
of a charging elephant…and from the ease with which it snapped off or cast
aside trunks and branches as it came, it seemed to be a mature specimen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
bravado of the lions evaporated. Frankly said, they panicked. The entire pride
fled. One adult female found the bonnet of the vehicle obstructing her. She
sprang clear onto it and then leapt down the other side of the vehicle. The
male and two females scampered under the rear of the vehicle. One glanced up at
me and its eyes met mine for a moment. There was no hostility or predatory
intent, but only fleeting anxiety and a desire to be gone.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Great,”
I said to Glen. “Your big male gets us into trouble, and then they run. We’re left to handle the mess. Where’s his pride?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">We
were still facing the awesome, crashing power of the charge. The elephant was now
very near.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Vincent,
take the red filter off,” Glen instructed the assistant guide calmly as he
started the vehicle engine.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The
.375 Holland and Holland Magnum remained resting in its cradle. One could now
see the swaying of vegetation twenty metres off and hear sharp cracks as small
trees went down. Then a sapling the width of one’s calf shattered at the edge
of vision and the shape of a huge bull elephant exploded into our circle of
light.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He
stopped abruptly no more than the length of the vehicle from us, furious and
vengeful as Vincent directed the light up at him with the filter off. His big
domed head loomed over a flailing trunk, and then, bemused and bewildered by
the glare, he sought the objects of his displeasure. Trumpeting and furious, he
pacing up and down but did not advance. The light was held steadily as the
engine was kept turning. The .375 still lay in its cradle.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After
what seemed an eternity, yet was but a moment, the big bull swung away. As
rapidly as it had come, it disappeared remarkably silently like a wraith into
the enveloping darkness.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Yes,”
said the young ranger. “Our lions got us into this, and then left us to handle
the mess. As you say, ‘where’s their pride?’”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-45308364628884321712014-12-18T02:20:00.001-08:002014-12-18T02:25:41.337-08:00A whale of a shark<br />
<h1 align="left" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 18pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">A whale of a shark</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Some years ago
after qualifying to train marine and coastal tourist guides, I returned to
angling which I had done as a youngster, usually on a ‘catch and release’
basis. I joined the Durban Paddleski Club and for a decade fished from paddle skis off Vetch’s Pier north of
the harbour entrance of Durban. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP6UTjJp3locsll-PF0SolVhxFqVZ6D67I_HHO4dKbvuaddnmSn4fIf4XdCmtxAHkGgSfoShE5kSgNkoscg8tPte6oFd5q0Gf0SKAaNaAOyHUF3TQgINeCMCcTPp82Z1RKvlB9OpuqY7p-/s1600/photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP6UTjJp3locsll-PF0SolVhxFqVZ6D67I_HHO4dKbvuaddnmSn4fIf4XdCmtxAHkGgSfoShE5kSgNkoscg8tPte6oFd5q0Gf0SKAaNaAOyHUF3TQgINeCMCcTPp82Z1RKvlB9OpuqY7p-/s1600/photo.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;">Fishermen on the Durban Paddleski Club beach</span> </div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I owned a ski made by a veteran of the sport, Dennis Glazer. His skis were quite robust and heavy. They were eight feet (about 2.4 metres) in length, and four feet (1.22 metres) in width. A Glazer ski was very stable under conventional use. Unfortunately, the use to which I seemed to subject them was not ‘conventional’.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The sandy beaches opposite our clubhouse near the North Pier of the harbour entrance made launching easier than elsewhere on the coast, and the waves were subdued if a southeaster was running. When the north-easterly blew, however, launching could be difficult because the wave height increased.</span><br />
<br /><span style="font-family: Arial;">As a new member, I gained fame for some of the most spectacular launches and landings seen in those parts. I seemed to have the capacity to rear the front of the boat up vertically, even in the most placid of seas, and occasionally did it with such perfection that the boat would rear heavenwards and capsize backwards to roars of mirth from the shore. My landings were a voyeur’s dream. I could dig the nose in with impunity as I slid the craft down an incoming wave, sending the ski veering to the left or right before tumbling it over in the waves. Members of the club used to line the verandah<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;">of the clubhouse in anticipation of a good performance. It gave me deep satisfaction bringing joy to so many people.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For
a year or so, I cut my teeth (and hands) on a friend’s ski; and made a
significant contribution to the chumming process by vomiting regularly on the
short foredeck of his craft. First would be a mild queasiness, then a bout of
sweating that foretold something more to come. I would then go on hands and
knees to relieve myself of breakfast. No Roman senator of ancient times could
do it better. My colleague eventually dispensed with chumming, since I could do
the job for him in any mildly restive sea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">One
morning my wife Memory and I ventured out in a southwester to test the boat.
With a great deal to remember on our maiden voyage, I forgot to put the plug
in. We sped out, sinking imperceptibly. The slight ripples that the wind
brought steadily turned to waves that began to breaking and foaming on the
surface of the sea. Memory was perched on a slippery cushion over the mid-hatch
and I sat on the stern.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Soon wet and even
more slippery, the cushion began to skid and my wife slid to her left, clean
off the boat. As she went, her clutching hands pulled strongly on the hatch
cover, almost turning the boat over. Finding us in a state close to capsize, I
did a backwards roll over the rear and was soon in the water alongside the
boat. Memory grasped her drifting paddle, which I had secured to the boat, and
being a good swimmer, had no trouble staying afloat. I did ‘doggy paddle’ at
the back. Soon an engine powered ski-boat arrived.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Having
a bit of bother, then?” asked the skipper in a rather condescending tone.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Not
really,” I countered. “It’s our new fishing technique. We usually go a few
hundred metres offshore. My wife then goes in to the port side and herds the
fish towards me. As they come around the stern I bash them with the paddle.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“It
could take quite a long time before you get anything,” the skipper replied. “Your
method hasn’t had much success for a couple of years. We’d better get you both
in.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">My
wife managed to scramble onto our small craft, and then clambered onto the ski boat.
I accepted a tow gladly. My small craft was by now sinking and the prow was
high in the air with the stern more or less awash. I was released a hundred
metres from shore and my wife landed in the small, calm surf.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I
then had to face a daunting paddle, with the breeze now blowing directly
offshore into my face. The prow was well up, and the stern was sinking yet
further. To say paddling was a laborious affair is to understate the case. It
was almost impossible. And, all the time, out of the corner of my eye, I could
see the club members literally rolling on the ground in mirth. I swore
vengeance.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After an eternity,
I made it in a state of exhaustion. After staggering up the beach, I approached
the clubhouse. Memory was waiting there in the midst of a kindly and solicitous
group of members. Something I can only describe as ribald good humour greeted
me.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Sending your wife
in to catch them with her hands? It’s scandalous!” someone exclaimed.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Have you tried
fishing rods and bait?” someone else asked.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Bet you won’t
forget the cork again,” said another.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">They were a tough
lot. My revenge came a year later.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On the morning of
my triumph, I paddled out early at sunrise with a friend on another paddle ski.
We crossed Vetch’s pier, a line of submerged rocks four hundred metres long,
and I had paused to prepare a heavy rod for the bottom fishing I wanted to do
inside a line of sandstone known as Limestone Reef. This barrier of rock ran
parallel with the coast and was perhaps four hundred metres from shore. It had
water four metres deep behind it, and was relatively sheltered because the
rocks tended to break any surge coming in from the northeast. On the other
hand, at certain times and in certain conditions, waves could rise unexpectedly
and crash over the reef. Many boats had capsized on the reef. Only a moments
neglect or inattention could cause a mishap.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">I uncoiled a short
length of line, and was ready to bait it when I made out the dark shapes of two
huge fins a hundred metres further out in deeper water. I was baffled because
the fins were enormous. The one that was furthest from me was perhaps a metre
and a half high, and the fin closer to me was about a metre in length. We had
no fish matching the size of the fins, and I wondered if a pair of thresher
sharks had wandered into our regional waters. That seemed impossible. My
curiosity now thoroughly aroused, I decided to investigate. My sensible
companion decided to stay floating directly over Vetch’s pier, where he would
have a metre of water under his boat, a sufficient obstruction for any large
fish.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Manoeuvring my ski,
I managed to position myself in the path of the two fish, and in due course,
they were swimming directly at my boat. When the first of the fins was still
some metres off, I looked down and was amazed to see a giant creature,
considerably wider than my 1.22- metre wide ski, passing underneath the paddle
ski. </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">The surface seemed
dull blue-green with a scattering of lighter, serried flecks. Simultaneously
there was a sharp tug on my left-hand rod and it whipped over, dipping the left
gunwale under the water. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;">I
nearly capsized. The sharp twang I heard showed that my small 2/0 hook,
dangling in the water since I abandoned the </span><span lang="EN-GB">baiting
activity, had snagged in the creature. The line had parted just below the
bait-line swivel, resulting in the loss of about a half-metre of line. With the
severing of the cord, my paddle ski righted itself with a surge of water and I
regained balance.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The first fin was
approaching, sinking in the dark water as it came. Just when a collision seemed
imminent, the fin submerged fully and passed under the boat. The second fin
approached, still well above the water, but to my relief it also sank. I
realised that what had appeared to be two fish was a single giant creature…and
then it dawned on me. It was a whale shark, rhincodon typhus. The enormous beast
had surged under my paddle ski, catching the small hook as it went, and it’s
dorsal and then caudal fin had both sunk beneath the craft. I was grateful that
it hadn’t seen fit to thrash or even slightly flex its tail. The turmoil could
have capsized and perhaps sunk the boat.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The giant turned as
it sensed shallower water, and made a wide arc away from the surf line. It was
still well inside the nets, which lie perhaps four hundred metres offshore in
ten metres of water. If the giant snagged on them, or became entangled, the
ensnaring could cause its death as well as damage to the nets. It would be yet
another great creature sacrificed for the sake of individual wealth. The pale
light of dawn was by now strengthening and penetrating the surface with a silvery-green
glow, and it was possible for spotters on shore to track the animal’s progress.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uncannily, it
avoided the nets for some time, and then I heard the reassuring chug of the
Sharks Board craft. By judicious manoeuvring the crew managed to herd the great
fish to an opening in the nets and soon it was moving out to sea where it
disappeared. Had the nets entangled the beast, it would no doubt have drowned;
and another great creature would have died. When I spoke to them later, they
estimated the length of the fish at fourteen metres; that is, about forty-six
feet. The width, as far as I could reckon it, was a little more than about one
and a half metres; that is, about five and a half feet.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After years of
catches that were a small as my bait, doing spectacular capsizes and holding
the chumming record, there was a certain grim satisfaction in holding the
record for the biggest ‘un that got away. Even the full expanse of my arms
could not do justice to it.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-62238676014687983342014-12-18T01:33:00.000-08:002014-12-18T02:26:06.205-08:00A Stone-Age Creation Myth<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A Stone-Age Creation Myth<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Have you ever
wondered what life must have been like during the stone-age, when people hunted
with spears and arrows tipped with a bit of flint or bone? Well, if you were
living in Natal a hundred and fifty years ago, you’d have found out. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">This story is taken
from my book ‘Child of the Dragon Mountains’, dealing with the lives of a San
(Bushman) family living during the 1800s in the Drakensberg Mountains of
Natal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The San central to the story is
named !Bo. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The exclamation
mark in the name can be produced as an explosive pop! if you extend your lips
to form a short funnel, then withdraw your tongue sharply from behind your
front teeth. On balance, it’s better to warn people before you experiment with the
name at a formal function or the dinner table. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As a young man, with
several shamans in the clan from whom he could learn, !Bo had accumulated an
impressive store of knowledge and some wisdom about the role of a shaman. Two
older women of the clan were active in the shamanic rituals, and in many cases
excelled the men in making rain and the laying on of healing hands.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">When !Bo confided
to his mother his interest in learning more about the craft, Xama suggested he
be apprenticed to one of the women. Most successful and experienced was the
wizened, elderly matriarch named Mikau who had explained so clearly years
before how Cagn had created the eland. Her husband and children had drowned
many years before during a flash flood, when she was a young woman. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">She had been
inconsolable, yet never spoke of her grief. Perhaps to comfort herself and
occupy her time productively, Mikau had turned her considerable talents to
refining her shamanic skills. Everyone throughout the region knew the old
woman. During the more settled times of her youth, the amaZizi had often asked
her in years of drought to bring the soft, soaking she-rain to their small
maize plots.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Although Mikau was
old and frail, and mumbled when she spoke, she made very good sense when she
did. !Bo was wary of her at first, because he saw her watching his furtive
attempts at art. He resolved to ask her courteously for guidance.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Mother Mikau,” he
asked one morning when out of earshot of the others, “will you please teach me
how to make rain, and how to heal?”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You are a very
forward young man,” Mikau replied. “You dare to ask me?”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Then she smiled,
and said that she was willing to tutor !Bo because, as she put it:</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You are already a
hunter known in these parts, but so are many other men, and even one or two
women. That brings us food. It is important, but it is not everything.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">She paused, and
chose her words with care.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Your other talent
is more crucial to our clan. It is this; you are becoming a great artist. Now
that is really important.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Why so, Mother?”
asked !Bo, guessing at the reply.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“It is because you
have the ability to represent in your painting the mind of the trance
experience, and the power that God can bring to us. And your first lesson is to
not call me ‘Mother’, as if I was some old hag.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">She paused, and
then went on. “Now think on what I have said.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">As she got up to
busy herself with preparing the evening meal, she said:</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Yes, I will tutor
you. But, it is only because you are an artist. Also, I shall do it because you
have shown much determination. Otherwise I would not waste my time with you.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The arrangement met
with general approval.</span></span><br />
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXjYZ3bLtQtYMInzgTnR9xXho02dy_BhvnRS0SBfYa68eyn2KnjWTE561svMF86lTBcumNileWyU7e3cCrFWpSgqObs3I810ELzWdBPVu5bQrb6l2G00i8oqvA0PwChg5al7msCaYuNr5D/s1600/55-SAN1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXjYZ3bLtQtYMInzgTnR9xXho02dy_BhvnRS0SBfYa68eyn2KnjWTE561svMF86lTBcumNileWyU7e3cCrFWpSgqObs3I810ELzWdBPVu5bQrb6l2G00i8oqvA0PwChg5al7msCaYuNr5D/s1600/55-SAN1.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dying eland and shamans</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A few days later,
!Bo sought her out again, and they sat some distance from the others. Would she
reaffirm what //Zamkau had said? The old woman did not disappoint him.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“But with respect, mother
Mikau … er, Mikau, why is painting important in becoming a shaman?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Because only if
you paint what you experience in trance will your paintings have potency and
continue to help you with the work of healing and bringing rain and fighting
the evil spirits. They hold much potency in themselves. Painting without
potency is just the making of images, or a record of things seen; and not
experienced in trance. There is potency and power in the dance, and in paint.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“That is what the
great artist //Zamkau told me.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“That is why //Zamkau
is known as the greatest artist of this region.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“He is indeed. And
he spoke of Cagn.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Cagn was the first
being, as I have told you before. His wife is Coti. She came later, with those
who brought the sun. Only the initiated men of the dance can explain it all. Those
who do are the proper shamans.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Why is Cagn
important?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Cagn made all
things; the sun and moon and stars and wind and rain, and mountains and
animals. Only he made them, yet he has shared them. They belong to us all.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“So he is the most
powerful?”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Yes. Cagn had two
sons, Cogaz and Grewi. There are three great chiefs, Cagn, Cogaz and
Quanciqutshaa, but only Cagn is the Creator who gives orders. He is by far the
most powerful of the three.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Cagn made all
things and we pray to him. At first, he was very good, but even he became spoilt
by fighting many battles and overcoming many problems. We pray by imploring; ‘O
Cagn, are we not your children? Did you not create us? Feel our hunger!’”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“What does Cagn do?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“He gives with both
hands full.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“What of the
eland?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“As I have told you
before, Cagn knows where his eland are, and they know where Cagn is. There are
many eland in his great place. He gives some, yet he loves them.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“So he is supreme?”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Yes, there is a
supreme Creator,” Mikau told !Bo, “in charge of all life, and responsible for
the rising of the sun each day, and for the rain. He created the sky and the
mountains, from which water comes. It gives life, and falls from the sky and
runs down from the mountains, but also seeps up from the rocks. The Creator
rules the spirit world that is in the sky and even in the mountains, and within
the rocks of our shelters. He has a family to help him in all he does, but they
are sometimes disruptive beings with their own view of things. Sometimes they
help him, and sometimes they have to be disciplined.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“But my father and
//Zamkau have spoken of evil spirits.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Yes, there are
also some lesser spirits, and they bring illness and death since they rule the
underworld. But you must never fear death, because you will die many times in
the trance, but if you comport yourself well you will surely return and
influence the living … and so you are not dead.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Is that why some
of the ironworkers and even our own people throw a pebble down? Because of
spirits?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Indeed, it is
because of the evil spirits that can haunt a place that we sometimes throw a
pebble down at the path side. We do it to reach the good spirits in the
vicinity and so implore them to keep the evil ogres away. I know that
travellers do that often beyond the great river … the uThukela as the Zulus
call it. It is because many man-eaters live in those parts; and if you go
through their lands, you’d better ask the spirits for protection before you
venture there. And, when we bury a person, the spirit remains. It lives above
the grave. You can seek their protection as well.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“And who do I
follow at the dance?”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Like //Zamkau
before her, Mikau sighed. It was a long, deep, condescending sigh.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You follow no
one,” she said patiently. “That was when you were a novice. You are a man now. There
is not much that I can teach you. The spirits will do that. Give yourself to
them. Reach them through the dance. Climb to the sky, and penetrate the rocks.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You are a teacher
with much wisdom.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You will learn to
be a shaman by dancing,” she continued, slowly and almost whispering. “This
means dancing in the way that the spirits direct. The great Creator created all
things. He loves his creatures. However, of them all, he favoured the eland. He
has given it great potency. The eland feeds us and provides our needs, but it
must die to do so. We take the eland, and in turn, we who are shamans must die
the death of the eland to atone for our killing of it. In turn, we will get
great potency. So, dance until you are exhausted, and live the death of an
eland. Your nose will bleed, as the nose of the eland does. Smell the blood so
that it will help you to achieve potency. Potency will rise from deep within
you. You will learn to master your rising potency. It is dangerous and
terrifying.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“But many do not
become shamans. My father told me so.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Your father was
correct; many who try do not become shamans. Remember his advice. Only if you
are willing to heal others will you become a shaman. You must wish to heal
people before you can climb the rope.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Exhausted by the
long ramble, Mikau sighed and then lapsed into silence and sat brooding for a
while.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Thank you Mikau.
You are a great teacher.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“And one day you
will be a great shaman,” the old woman mumbled, “because you want to learn.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">!Bo now gave
himself more completely to the dance. He liked the freedom that Mikau’s
tutoring gave him, and he saw increasingly the important role in the clan of
women such as she was.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“It is they who sit
at the centre of things, directing potency through their songs and the rhythm
of their clapping,” he told himself.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">A few days later,
he approached Mikau again.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“You began to speak
of the trance dance,” he said. “Please tell me more.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Cagn it was who
provided the potency song to accompany the trance dance. The dancers die, but
Cagn raises them to life again. It is a circular dance and as you well know, the
dancer-shamans perform all night for maximum potency. Many dancers fall down,
maddened and exhausted, as you have seen. Blood sometimes comes from their noses,
as it would from a dying eland. The shamans sometimes take snuff that contains charm
medicines with powder from burnt snake venom in it.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Does the snake
venom make their noses bleed?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“I do not know. No
one knows.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“And how does one
heal?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“In the healing
dance, the shamans will dance around the sick person, and hold him up, propped
under the armpits. They will press their hands to where the pain is, and
sometimes the patient will cough up the evil spirit. You will learn by watching
closely, and then doing it.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">On the day of a
major kill some days later, !Bo extended his experience of the dance greatly.
The clan was assembled, together with several kinsmen who had shared in the
meat of the eland, and a dozen dancers stepped into the deep rut that would
guide their dance.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“It is a great time
for the dance,” commented old Mikau. She looked tired yet strangely ecstatic.
“They say the bees of Coti are swarming down the Umlambonja, and that always
signifies great potency. It is a time of life, and a time of death. It is
perhaps my time.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The women seated
themselves in the centre of the circle with two ill persons amongst them. They
began singing and clapping to attract the spirit animals embodied in the paintings
on the rock walls of the shelter, now reflected in the firelight.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The dance began
with a slow, rhythmic, plodding shuffle. Slowly the tempo rose as the dancers
moved, first clockwise and then anti-clockwise. Since they were targets for the
malevolent forces of the darkness outside the cave, each dancer carried a
flywhisk of jackal tail with which they flicked away the arrows of sickness and
disaster that the demons of the dark shot at them.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">After some hours of
dancing, several of the dancers bent forward in increasing pain. It was a pain
that welled up from the stomach; so severe that some dancers used sticks to
support them or symbolise the staggering legs of a wounded creature. It was the
agony of an antelope driven to exhaustion by the loss of blood, by poison, and
by their exertions to escape during the tracking phase of a hunt.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">!Bo found himself
in a state of near-collapse, and could sense the presence of blood welling up
in his nasal cavities with the exertion done in the thin air of the mountains.
Two of the older men were also bleeding freely, and one collapsed writhing and
shrieking. He staggered out of the circle, supported by two women who prevented
him from collapsing onto protruding rocks, and then sank to the ground to sleep’</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">!Bo had several
times glimpsed luminous, fleeting shapes during previous dances, but on this
occasion, he experienced an explosion of geometric shapes he did not
understand. He felt himself sucked into a tunnel or vortex of swirling images.
Pulsating zigzags, grids, clouds of dots, curves, and webs assailed his senses.
There was a bright light at the end of the vortex.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Looking for further
inspiration, he caught a flash of the eland imagery painted on the cave walls,
and in his mind transformed into an eland. His hands and feet became hooves and
a great heavy dewlap developed beneath his chin. He staggered as an eland would
stagger when expiring, and stood trembling with blood pouring from his nose.
Finally, a rope ladder or perhaps a bridge appeared as !Bo transformed into a
leopard capable of scaling it. He then encountered a sinuous line, along which
he bounded in huge leaps.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">He could feel the
potency boiling up from his stomach to erupt from the top of his head. His very
breath became an animal that carried him forward with amazing speed. He
travelled like the wind, entering a large underground hole and penetrating the
rock face as he entered the spirit world. At this stage !Bo believed he had
made contact with the Creator, although he could not explain later the nature
of that being; nor could he explain the vivid image of Mikau that he saw.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">!Bo staggered and
fell down hard outside the dance circle; as the last to do so. He lay there
entranced, cataleptic, and hyperventilating before losing consciousness and
then falling into a deep sleep.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“We thought you
would not wake up.” The voice was /Toma’s. !Bo could see his father’s anxious
face, with his mother peering over his shoulder. “You must indeed have
travelled…”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“I have seen great
things,” !Bo said simply. “Mikau was there.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Most of the others
woke yesterday morning and gave their healing. We could not wait for you.”</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“How long have I
been asleep?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“This is the second
day. The other family have waited. You, my son, are surely a great shaman. Do
not disappoint the families. Do not disappoint Mikau.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Where is she,” he
asked. “Was she pleased with the dance?”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">/Toma and Xama
looked at each other. Neither spoke.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">/Toma took !Bo
gently by the wrist.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“Old Mikau died during
the dance, but woke for a few moments before passing on. She spoke of you
before she died. She is with the spirits.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">!Bo found no answer
and sat in silence for a time. He walked a short distance from the cave and sat
apart on a rock, needing to be alone with his thoughts.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The families were
then assembled, and !Bo spoke of his seeing visions of strange shapes twisting
and whirling. He spoke of bright lights and long ladders reaching to the sky.
He spoke of travelling like the wind as a leopard, and his transformation to
become the eland. He also told of how he had died just as the eland dies, and
spoke of his communion with the Creator after he had penetrated the veil of
rock that hid the spirit world from view. He had pleaded for the souls of the
sick, he said, and had seen their sickness expelled through the back of their
necks.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The two San who had
been sick recovered steadily. Within a week, they were both walking again. They
came to thank him.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“I do not
understand it,” he said simply. “But it is Mikau who you should thank. She gave
me guidance.”</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">!Bo found a great
release in the dance. It was something that he could engage in without
self-consciousness or embarrassment, and he used the freedom it gave him to
extend his understanding of the wild creatures that shared the world with him
and his community.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">In lighter moments,
to teach the children, !Bo practised the mimicry of animal behaviour. The
family would gather around the fire on a pleasant evening and !Bo would mimic
one or other animal.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The eland was always
popular because they were so important in the lives of the San. !Bo would vary
his performance, perhaps showing the threat display of a large bull intent on
intimidating a rival. This involved lifting the muzzle with ears raised,
shaking the head, and perhaps stabbing with the horns if the shaking display
produced no result. Finally, there might be a determined head-down charge with
ears back; an action that would send the watching children into mixed screams
of terror and joy. He would then show the submissive gesture of head shaking
with the ears and head lowered, as a competitor expressed subservience to the
dominant bull after a charge.</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The leopard was
another favourite, moving with sinuous grace and marking its territory with
urine and faeces, clawing the bark of trees and vocalising in a series of
threatening rasps. The contented purr transformed in a moment into a growl,
spit and snarl of anger that showed response to a threat. !Bo would also show a
low-slung stealthy stalk with moments of freezing if the prey looks up, to a
final rapid charge, leap, grasp and bite to the neck.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">More humorous was
the mimicry of a family of dassies (hyrax), with their wide repertoire of
calls, male-dominance threats, and submissive behaviours. It was the baboons,
however, that would get the children shrieking with laughter. The children
loved the displays of foraging, showing submission, standing guard, and giving
threat displays that showed the remarkably long fangs; but most enjoyed of all
were the tantrums thrown by a baby baboon when its mother refuses to give it a
ride on her back.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-4734650127057458542014-12-18T01:32:00.007-08:002014-12-18T02:26:06.197-08:00King Shaka of the Zulus<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b> </div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>King Shaka of the Zulus</strong><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Look
closely at the accompanying painting of King Shaka ka Senzangakhona, twelfth
king of the Zulu nation. The original work was painted several years ago by the
author of this blog, in oils. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRs2a1moL3iolyqCPkiTKpUczoKrWBwfp6jnqB-HcDBunmYgR0slE7UV_iG-t2qOJYdimXiND0PZfD_LKINmawAWvy7S8V4F1S43fEWe0Q8beYutaFNS3R6MkREMfAM72_bspln7NFloZA/s1600/58-SHAKA.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRs2a1moL3iolyqCPkiTKpUczoKrWBwfp6jnqB-HcDBunmYgR0slE7UV_iG-t2qOJYdimXiND0PZfD_LKINmawAWvy7S8V4F1S43fEWe0Q8beYutaFNS3R6MkREMfAM72_bspln7NFloZA/s1600/58-SHAKA.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">King Shaka of the Zulus</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It is a
truthful interpretation, based on forty years of research including the historical
testimony of the trader and friend of the king Henry Francis Fynn. It is arguably
the most accurate representation of the Zulu king anywhere in the world. The
image is offered as a standard for other portrayals. It provides the cover for the
historical novel ‘Shaka, the story of a Zulu king’, found elsewhere on the
website that supports this blog.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The Zulu
king was known for his stature and magnificent physical presence. He projected
dignity and a sense of command, was powerful in build and indeed displayed
‘remarkable athletic ability’ according to the testimony of Isaacs, one of the
traders of his time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Since
Shaka’s death in 1828, many artists have tried to portray him in paintings or
sculpture. From the often bizarre works seen, one concludes it to be a difficult
task.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The build
should be even more muscular and athletic than most of the earlier attempts,
showing a man whose tall stature was instantly recognizable in a crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The posture should be alert, coiled, prepared
for action; for he was a man attuned to the nuances of the times and ready for any
challenge.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Anyone
wishing to do justice to the Zulu king through medium of sculpture would
require a figure at least three metres in height to give the necessary weight
to his presence, while not being banal for its reliance on massive proportions
alone. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">King Shaka
was a man of considerable intelligence who planned complex campaigns with great
insight, undertook the training of his irresistible fighting forces with great
skill and managed the integration of numerous lesser tribes and clans into the
growing Zulu nation. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">It was a
task requiring considerable gathering and processing of information, logical,
rational, critical and creative thinking, and an acute ability to understand
how social systems work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Engineering the
stabbing spear, designing the battle-formation for attack modeled on the
olden-time hunting tactics of a Zulu family, implementation of complex social
and legal systems, and leadership of the First Fruits and other ceremonies
showed much creative flair. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The manner
in which he overcame the intrigues of rebellious sangomas and the deception
with which he enticed and lured into ambush several invading Ndwandwe hordes
from the northern lands around the Pongola river also reveal his ability to
think divergently. His was a considerable intellect.</span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">There were
notable examples of honourable conduct on the king’s part, admiration for
bravery and the discharge of duty, forgiveness for those who spoke the truth
boldly, and compassion for the poorest amongst the nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite his gravitas, there were glimpses of
humour at times. With the later politicization of the king’s record, those who
wished to discredit him neatly omitted these attributes while magnifying the
harsher side of a harsh reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Yet even
the most brutal of the recorded methods of punishment used by the Zulus of the
time were no worse than what was done at the same time in apparently
‘civilized’ nations such as England and France. There, terrible procedures of
hanging, drawing and quartering had been used for more than five hundred years.
In current times, savage and ferocious forms of execution still persist in many
parts of the world.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Any statue
must reflect a penetrating intelligence and the dignity befitting a man of
massive presence and gravitas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He need
not be particularly handsome, since there is no clear record of his features,
yet the sculptor must shy away from portrayals that do not get the features
anatomically in proportion. The face must be absolutely right, and it must be
strong. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">For
decoration and a display of power, King Shaka had a band of strung lion’s teeth
encircling his neck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In less formal
attire he wore tassels and even genet skin. He sported a loin covering of
assorted samango monkey, genet and other tails (the isinene) of a length
befitting a senior man, and wore a soft antelope-skin covering (ubeshu) hanging
to behind his knees in his mature years. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">His full
headdress was magnificent, being usually bedecked with an apron of red purple-crested
lourie (touraco) feathers inserted in a thick band of leopard skin or brown
otter pelt, all surmounted by a sixty centimetre long blue crane feather at the
front. Around each upper arm and lower leg was a tassel made of long bleached
hair derived from the extremities of cattle tails. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Plugs of
shiny yellow cane were inserted in his ear lobes. The clash and contrast of the
primary colours; blue (the crane feather), red (lourie feathers) and yellow
(cane for the ear decorations) was impressive.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">His weapons
consisted of a great white shield taller than most men, made of double-layered
cattle hide with a small black patch the size of the open human hand slightly
offset at the center. It was a blemish to show that even the king did not
regard himself as perfect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shield
must be that engineered by the Zulu king, and not the smaller version that
crept in during ensuing years under Kings Dingane, Mpande and Cetshwayo.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">His spear
was the iklwa! stabbing spear, a metre long with a massive, razor-sharp
hammered-iron blade. The wood was flared at the lower extremity so that it
would be secure in the king’s grasp during battle. It must be displayed in the
right hand, held low since the attacking thrust was upwards under the ribcage,
and not a futile overhand jab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The image should
preferably show the King in full battle dress, something like the miniature
displayed in the Old Courthouse Museum in Durban.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He might be leaning slightly forward, or at
least be balanced to show a powerful, coiled posture from which action will
erupt.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Considering
the emotive hold the image has over the Zulu nation of 9 million people, it is
advisable to get the image correct. Our Zulus don’t take kindly to any slight
directed to their kingly lineage.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2631717240657966554.post-62173197761944730222014-12-18T01:01:00.001-08:002014-12-18T02:26:06.202-08:00How to Solve Problems<br />
<h2 style="margin: 6pt 0cm 12pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">How to Solve Problems<o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Would you like to
be a problem-solving whizz-kid? So would we all! Although whizz-kid status
might be some way off, it is possible to improve your problem-solving
capabilities greatly by simply studying and following a few guidelines or
‘heuristics’. </span></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Most people have no
doubt often thought about how to solve <u>specific</u> problems as they arise,
but it seems that few have ever thought seriously about the principles,
processes and methods they might use in solving <u>all or most</u> of the
problems they have to tackle. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMrhVEaAKA5e56EBBmUWH9he-PkKCi6GWcNoijFCQRqVd94jOSlgIkePbtsvFyJmICEz4n6nZAoAnx7nUiZay7PP-qVkYY2uUOPU86r8Z48SrNisfumcllleNwnY-PbxsqEzmWFoVvbECb/s1600/11-PROBLEM+SOLVE14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMrhVEaAKA5e56EBBmUWH9he-PkKCi6GWcNoijFCQRqVd94jOSlgIkePbtsvFyJmICEz4n6nZAoAnx7nUiZay7PP-qVkYY2uUOPU86r8Z48SrNisfumcllleNwnY-PbxsqEzmWFoVvbECb/s1600/11-PROBLEM+SOLVE14.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">You don't need a Ph.D. to think brilliantly </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Yet such principles
and processes do exist, and they are worth examining because if you get them
right, they can empower you. Come with me to explore a few of the principles.</span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Perceive
and define the nature of a problem<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Arial;">An ability to
identify and define problems precisely helps any problem-solver to select and
structure the mental operations and processes that follow. It affords the
person the best tools for tackling and remediating a wide range of problems
(disjunctions and incongruities) appearing in the real world.</span></span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">A good starting-point is to have a critical and focused attitude at the outset. This means being open to irregularities and incongruities that might show the presence of a problem. One can then start the process of investigation of the data field to seek the core or ‘locus’ of any problem.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">One must try to locate and identify specific gaps, disjunctions, incongruities, confusions, inconsistencies and irregularities in phenomena and data. These are what make the problem. One then strives, almost reflexively, to achieve equilibrium via a good solution.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Also start with an appropriate mental approach. Avoid emotional states that might interfere with logical thought. Become intensely focused, and avoid disruptive distractions. In short, concentrate! Use objective accuracy and logic that can be re-tested by others, rather than egocentric interpretations of the problem. Be positive and optimistic to ensure motivation and morale.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Listen carefully to any verbal instructions or advice, and maintain objective accuracy as you do so. Read any written instructions precisely. Identify good labels and the correct conceptual vocabulary by being very specific and precise with terms and definitions used. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Study observed or illustrated (drawn or photographed) evidence carefully. Visualize, simplify and clarify the main requirements of the task. Identify key elements of the problem. Ask; where is the imbalance, gap or irregularity? Understand any model given for comparative or guidance purposes. Define and understand the problem and decide what the outcome should be.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Collect and systematize the relevant information, and set aside that which is not sound. Collect further information to help find solutions. Use multiple sources of pertinent evidence. Seek key ‘cues’ and obvious ‘clues’. Seek causes and effects, and especially determine the cause of the problem more accurately. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Start to create possible solutions. Create one or more hypotheses for testing “If I do this, then what…” Start to test hypotheses. Use tentative inferences and generalizations.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">As you work, understand whether you need to converge on a single best solution (convergent thinking) or diverge to a range of options because innovative, fertile and fluent thinking is required (divergent thinking).</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Usually with big complex projects, you’ll find both approaches essential. Even when you think you’ll need linear thinking where one thought after another follows logically like a long chain, it’s wise to restate your purpose in many different ways, devise several tentative solutions, assemble various resources, and generate creative ideas to extend your range of possibilities.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">It’s probable that we use the left side of the brain too much in tracking ideas along a deep furrow to one time-worn, best solution. We need always to be alert to wider possibilities and options that can lead to a range of innovative and creative solutions.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Use appropriate tools and methods for carrying the work forward. Organize information into meaningful entities that reflect relationships, hierarchies and progressions. Compare spontaneously and frequently as you go. Analyse and deal with fragmented elements in parts, then synthesize into integrated wholes. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Create a diagram or model (Venn, diagram, table, continuum) to aid you. Use personal and cultural (external) spatial or time concepts accuracy. Observe the constancy principle where appropriate.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">If you are stuck, ask an expert; or work in a team if appropriate. Survey the field, and use fresh written resources. Use other, appropriate tools or technology. Perhaps apply a theory and use deduction (general rule to specific instance). </span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Use the scientific method of induction (study specific instances of a phenomenon to create a general rule). Use mathematics if it helps; perhaps use a formula, or use syllogisms in logical reasoning.</span><o:p><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></o:p></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Bring the work to a conclusion and stage where implementation is possible. Persist through the tough parts; do not give up easily. Select the best solution from amongst options. Implement a good solution. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Verify the solution; reaffirm it. Question prior assumptions about it: be open to perspective change, and redefine if necessary.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Continue to avoid egocentric interpretations that dictate a solution you personally want to see, yet which might not be the best. Persist until completion. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial;">Communicate the solution accurately and clearly.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Work on other thinking strategies that interest
you. Above all; be a thinker.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14895073615755310879noreply@blogger.com1